In the past, cervical inflammation was divided into acute cervicitis and chronic cervicitis, and chronic cervicitis had a lot of content, but the 7th edition of the textbook of Obstetrics and Gynecology no longer uses this classification. The main pathological types of chronic cervicitis in Chinese textbooks were: cervical erosion, cervical hypertrophy, cervical glandular cysts, and cervical polyps, some of which were inaccurately named and some of which had no clinical diagnostic or therapeutic significance. The term “cervical erosion” has been abandoned in the textbooks of obstetrics and gynecology in Europe and the United States and renamed as “columnar ectopy”, which is not a pathological change but a physiological change of the cervix. The term “cervical erosion” was discarded on the basis of the following: (1) The so-called “erosion surface” under microscopy is actually covered by a single layer of columnar epithelium of the intact cervical canal, which is thin and has a red interstitium underneath and appears to be erosion to the naked eye, not a true erosion with epithelial detachment and ulceration. (2) Colposcopy showed that the original squamous-columnar junction was displaced. The presence of immunoreactive lymphocytes in the normal cervical interstitium and the infiltration of lymphocytes in the cervical interstitium does not necessarily mean that there is chronic cervical inflammation. The treatment of cervical columnar epithelial ectoplasm depends on the presence or absence of co-infection and symptoms. Asymptomatic patients without co-infection do not require treatment; symptomatic patients with co-infection, such as increased discharge and contact bleeding, should be treated with medication or physical therapy after a negative cytologic examination. In the past, textbooks described cervical hypertrophy as: chronic inflammation and long-term stimulation, cervical tissue congestion, edema, glandular and interstitial hyperplasia, mucus retention in the deep part of the gland may form cysts, cervical hypertrophy to varying degrees, increased hardness, but the surface is mostly smooth, sometimes can see the cervical glandular cysts protrusion. In fact, there are no specific diagnostic criteria for cervical hypertrophy and, crucially, no therapeutic implications. In the process of replacing the columnar epithelium with squamous epithelium in the cervical transformation zone, the new squamous epithelium covers the mouth of the cervical ducts or extends into the ducts, blocking the mouth of the ducts and causing obstruction of the drainage of glandular secretions and retention of cysts, which are called cervical glandular cysts. Microscopically, the wall of the cyst is covered with a single layer of flattened cervical mucosal epithelium. On examination, several small greenish-white vesicles containing colorless mucus are seen protruding from the surface of the cervix. The correct understanding is that cervical glandular cysts are only the result of physiological changes in the cervical transition zone and are not inflammatory, suggesting that they were once the origin of the primitive squamous-columnar junction and have no clinical significance. The mechanism of occurrence of cervical polyps is still unknown, but it was thought to be a localized raised lesion of the cervical mucosa resulting from chronic inflammatory stimulation. The fact is that 50% of cervical polyps occur after menopause, whereas postmenopausal cervical inflammation is much less frequent than in women of childbearing age. Most foreign textbooks classify cervical polyps as benign hyperplastic lesions of the cervix. Based on this understanding, the term chronic cervicitis is no longer used in the 7th edition of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Chapter 27 is titled Cervical Inflammation, which is equivalent to acute cervicitis. The pathogens commonly isolated in cervicitis in high-risk groups for STIs are Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. In low-risk groups for STIs, the etiology is unclear and may be related to bacterial vaginosis or Mycoplasma genitalium infection. Two diagnostic clinical signs of cervical inflammation should be kept in mind: (i) mucopurulent discharge seen at the cervical os or on a swab specimen of the cervical canal. (ii) Gentle insertion of the swab into the cervical canal, which can easily induce bleeding from the cervical canal. Leukocyte examination of the secretions: In 2006, the CDC recommended the diagnosis of leukocytes in vaginal secretions >10/high magnification and exclusion of vaginal inflammation, and Novak′s Gynecology (2006) recommended the diagnosis of neutrophils in cervical canal secretions >30/high magnification, and in 2006, the CDC recommended the diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis. In 2006, the CDC recommended a nucleic acid amplification method for the diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. The most commonly used method for diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in China is culture; for Chlamydia trachomatis, antigen detection is used. Bacterial vaginosis testing should also be performed. Treatment is carried out accordingly to the pathogen. Cervicitis is an infection of the lower genital tract, and the treatment regimen for gonorrhea (high dose, single dose) is chosen for uncomplicated gonorrhea, but not for infections of the upper genital tract. There is no effective treatment for patients with persistent cervicitis for which no pathogen can be identified.