Swelling and thickening of fingers may be due to phalangeal fracture, osteoarthritis, gout and other conditions, patients need to follow the doctor’s instructions for medication, surgical treatment and other ways to help reduce swelling. 1. Phalangeal fracture: Generally, patients with open phalangeal fracture need to be fixed internally or externally according to the doctor’s instruction, while patients with closed phalangeal fracture can be fixed with plaster and plastic bracket, and then need to be fixed with internal fixation of incision-replacement plate screws and closed-replacement if necessary. If the fracture is pathologic, bone lesion scraping and cortical osteoplasty are also needed. 2. Osteoarthritis: Usually, patients can be treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as diclofenac and indomethacin as prescribed by the doctor, while patients can also be treated with analgesic drugs such as acetaminophen and tramadol. Some patients may also be treated with medications such as intra-articular injections of sodium vitrate. If medication is not effective, osteotomy, joint fusion, arthroscopic cleanup, artificial joint replacement and so on should be chosen under the guidance of doctors. 3. Gout: Usually, patients in the acute stage need to follow the doctor’s instructions to use etoricoxib, diclofenac and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and can also be used with colchicine. In the interictal period and chronic phase, patients also need to use allopurinol, febuxostat and other drugs to inhibit uric acid production or probenecid, benzbromarone and other drugs to promote uric acid excretion. If necessary, gout stones can also be surgically removed and corrective joint surgery can be performed. It is recommended that patients with swollen and thickened fingers take targeted treatment according to the cause of the disease, so as not to delay the condition. The use of drugs need to follow the doctor’s instructions.