The hypothalamus is also known as the hypothalamus. It is located on the ventral surface of the brain, below the thalamus, and is the higher nerve center that regulates visceral and endocrine activities. The hypothalamus is usually divided anteriorly and posteriorly into three regions: the supraoptic area is located above the optic chiasm and is composed of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei; the nodal area is located posterior to the funiculus; and the papillary area is located in the papillary body. The hypothalamus is located below the hypothalamic hook and forms the inferior wall of the third ventricle, with poorly defined boundaries, and extends downward to connect with the pituitary stalk. Although small, the hypothalamus receives many nerve impulses and is therefore the center of the endocrine and nervous systems. They regulate anterior pituitary function, synthesize pituitary hormones and control autonomic and vegetative functions. Hypothalamic damage: A series of symptoms caused by hypothalamic damage due to various causes, mainly endocrine metabolic disorders with dysfunctional syndromes of the vegetative nervous system, including sleep, body temperature, feeding, sexual dysfunction, urolithiasis, and mental abnormalities. How to effectively prevent subthalamic damage? The treatment of subthalamic injury is based on non-surgical treatment, which should minimize a series of pathophysiological reactions after brain injury, closely observe the presence of secondary hematoma in the skull, maintain the physiological balance of the internal and external environment, and prevent the occurrence of various comorbidities. Unless there is secondary hematoma or intracranial hypertension that is difficult to contain, surgical treatment is generally not required. The time when subthalamic injury occurs is also the time when secondary brain damage begins, and the two are closely related and mutually dependent, so early and reasonable treatment is essential to reduce the disability rate and mortality. The purpose of non-surgical treatment is, firstly, to prevent brain damage from being aggravated by a series of pathophysiological changes after brain injury, and secondly, to provide a good internal environment to restore the function of partially damaged brain cells. Therefore, the correct treatment should focus on both intracranial and systemic aspects. For patients with mild and moderate subthalamic injury with less trauma, the main treatment is symptomatic treatment, prevention and control of cerebral edema, close observation, timely monitoring of intracranial pressure and/or review of CT scan. In addition to non-surgical treatment, care should be enhanced for patients in a comatose state with moderate to severe injuries.