Nephritis includes different kinds of primary and secondary glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, hereditary nephritis, etc. Most of the glomerulonephritis is not hereditary, but there are some hereditary glomerular diseases, such as Alport syndrome, thin basement membrane nephropathy and so on. Primary glomerulonephritis is mostly due to abnormal kidney function caused by immune dysfunction, and secondary ones are mainly secondary to hypertension, diabetes mellitus, etc., which are usually not hereditary. Pyelonephritis is mainly due to bacterial infection, stones, etc. It is also usually not hereditary. Hereditary glomerular diseases mainly include Alport syndrome and thin basement membrane nephropathy. Alport syndrome, also known as hereditary progressive nephritis, etc., is mainly caused by gene mutations. In addition to intrarenal symptoms such as hematuria and proteinuria, extrarenal damages such as hearing impairment and eye defects may also occur. Thin basement membrane nephropathy, also known as familial recurrent hematuria, is clinically characterized by recurrent hematuria, normal renal function and positive family history. It is recommended that patients with nephritis, go to the hospital in time, complete the relevant examinations under the guidance of the doctor, clarify the cause of the disease and actively treat it to avoid the development of the disease.