Fulminant liver failure should be considered as a possible disease whenever there is rapid deepening of jaundice, shrinking of the liver within a short period of time, neuropsychiatric symptoms, elevated transaminases or bile enzyme separation (normal or mildly elevated transaminases and markedly elevated bilirubin) on the basis of liver disease. In general, when dysfunction occurs in hepatic parenchymal cells, the first thing that is impaired is the secretory function (hyperbilirubinemia), followed by synthetic dysfunction (reduced coagulation factors, hypoalbuminemia, etc.), and finally detoxification dysfunction (low inactivation hormone function, elevated aromatic amino acid levels, etc.). In addition to their strong phagocytic function, kwashiorkor cells regulate intrahepatic microcirculation, participate in certain biochemical reactions (e.g. synthesis of urea and degradation of insulin), and secrete various cytokines and inflammatory mediators, which play an extremely important role in the defense and immune function of the body. Damage or dysfunction of blastocytes will lead to the development of enteric-derived endotoxemia, which in turn can aggravate liver damage and cause a variety of extrahepatic complications, such as DIC, functional renal failure, intractable ascites, etc. According to contemporary Chinese medicine, the main etiological factors of liver failure are heat toxicity, blood stasis and phlegm; detoxification, elimination of blood stasis and phlegm are the main rules of treatment for liver failure. For the treatment of complications caused by liver failure such as upper gastrointestinal bleeding and hepatic encephalopathy, in addition to clearing heat and reducing yellowing, detoxifying and eliminating blood stasis, we must stop bleeding, ventilate the internal organs and open the orifices at the same time. The manifestations are high fever, rapid onset of jaundice, bright color, rapid deepening, irritability and thirst, frequent vomiting, distention and fullness of the abdomen, shortage of urine, constipation, dryness and restlessness, insomnia, difficulty in sleeping, red tongue, thick yellow fur or yellowish brown, string, slippery or large pulse. Heat poisoning into the Ying type manifests as fever and thirst, yellow eyes, yellow body like gold, poor appetite, weakness, little urination, constipation, epistaxis, fullness in the abdomen, petechiae on the skin, followed by vomiting blood, blood in the stool, or even delirium and coma, with filthy tongue, red and vivid tongue, and fine pulse. Heat in the heart type manifests as yellow body like gold, rapid onset, rapid changes, restlessness, or even confusion, or delirium, epistaxis, subcutaneous rash or petechiae, obscene tongue coating, red and vivid tongue or curled tongue body, thin and counted pulse. Phlegm clouding the orifice type manifesting as deep jaundice, dull color, with distention and fullness in the chest and epigastrium, tiredness and weakness, nausea and vomiting, erratic, abdominal swelling and distension, body heat, dullness and confusion, phlegm in the throat, urine is scarce and closed, tongue coating is white and greasy or yellowish, tongue texture is dull and red, pulse is moist and smooth.