Frequent urination, painful urination and incomplete urination need to be considered as the possibility of acute cystitis and, in addition, the possibility of acute pyelonephritis. If this clinical symptom occurs, it is recommended to go to the urology department of a tertiary care hospital to have urine routine and urine culture tests to clarify the diagnosis. If the white blood cells are elevated in the urine routine, the diagnosis of acute cystitis can be confirmed. If the patient also has systemic clinical symptoms, such as fever, back pain, and percussion pain in the kidney area, the possibility of acute pyelonephritis should be considered. For the treatment of acute cystitis, it is recommended to take oral broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory drugs, which are more commonly used, including cephalosporins or quinolones. For the treatment of acute pyelonephritis, it is recommended that broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory drugs be given intravenously, and when the symptoms improve, the treatment can be changed to oral anti-inflammatory drugs, which is more effective.