Children with painful urination and afraid to urinate are often typical manifestations of urinary tract infections. It is recommended that children promptly go to the urology department for routine urine examination to find out whether there is inflammation and whether the inflammation is serious. If a urinary tract infection is diagnosed, oral anti-inflammatory drugs are needed, usually cephalexin or cefixime, which are taken orally for 3-5 days to review the urine routine. If there are still bacteria inside the urine repeatedly, or if the white blood cells are still relatively high, it is necessary to be alert to urinary tract infections caused by congenital urinary system malformations. At this time it is very necessary to further check, including urological ultrasound, bladder residual urine, cystography, to understand whether there is any congenital dysplasia at the junction of the ureter and bladder, which leads to vesicoureteral reflux disease.