Asthma is a common allergic disease of the lower respiratory tract, while chronic pharyngitis is an infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract, and they are different. Chronic pharyngitis is mainly characterized by cough and itchy throat, accompanied by rhinitis, sneezing and runny nose. Asthma is hereditary and has a relationship with seasonal changes and allergens. Patients with asthma also tend to present with cough variant asthma, such as dry cough, little sputum, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Imaging tests for both are mostly negative, while chronic pharyngitis is normal when pulmonary function tests are performed. Patients with asthma are prone to ventilatory and ventilatory dysfunction during acute exacerbations. On chest imaging, patients with asthma are prone to increased translucency in both lungs during acute exacerbations. Chest examination of patients with chronic pharyngitis is mostly normal, but pharyngeal examination can reveal lymphatic follicular hyperplasia in the pharynx with congestion and redness. Therefore, anti-allergy and anti-inflammatory treatment is the main treatment for asthma, while anti-viral and anti-bacterial drugs can be given for chronic pharyngitis if it is a viral or bacterial infection, respectively.