Pudendal neuralgia (PN) is a chronic, severe pain in the vaginal, vulvar, anal canal, and perineal regions without organic pathology that is difficult to diagnose and treat definitively, as proposed by Boisson et al. as early as 1966, followed by Neill and Swash, who suggested that spontaneous chronic anal perineal pain may originate from pudendal neuralgia. The incidence of pudendal neuralgia is unclear, and it is a rare condition that affects both men and women. It usually develops between the ages of 40 and 70 years. The typical female patient presents with pain in the labia, perineal area or anorectal area, while the male presents with pain in the penis, scrotum and perineal area. The pain is worse when sitting, relieved when standing, and disappears when lying down or sitting on the toilet. Perineal neuralgia is often delayed or misdiagnosed. Pubic neuralgia, in women, often presents as pain in the vaginal, labial, mons pubis and clitoral areas. The pain and sensory abnormalities can spread to the groin area, inner thighs, buttocks, and abdomen and can involve one, several, or all of these areas. It usually starts in one area and worsens progressively with unilateral attacks. It can also be bilateral, and one side may be distinctly different from the other. The pain is severe, sharp, sometimes burning, and often not relieved by analgesics. Pain has been reported to be significantly worse in the sitting position, and many patients have pain in the lying position and have difficulty sleeping. Patients may be awakened by concomitant symptoms (e.g., urgency to urinate) and are rarely awakened by pain. Pain can be relieved to varying degrees by sitting on an empty lap pillow or on the toilet, which relieves pressure on the nerves. Sensory sensitization of the skin in the area may occur. The clinical presentation of pubic neuralgia can reflect the type of nerve damaged (motor, sensory, voluntary). The patient’s history often progresses from an automatic recovery process to a chronic, progressive exacerbation process that affects the patient’s daily life. Accompanying symptoms may include constipation, painful defecation, delayed urination, urinary frequency, urinary urgency and sexual dysfunction.