The clinical biological behavior of bladder cancer is complex and variable, and nearly 60% of patients experience recurrence after surgery. Accurate prediction of the prognosis of bladder cancer surgery is of great significance in guiding clinical treatment, but there is still a lack of effective means for predicting the prognosis of bladder cancer after surgery, which poses great difficulties for the treatment of bladder cancer.
Livin is a recently discovered new member of a family of proteins that inhibit apoptosis. the gene expressing Livin is localized on chromosome 20q13 and is 4.6 kb in length, encoding proteins of 298 and 280 amino acids, respectively. Livin is mainly expressed in placental tissues and is not seen in normal adult tissues, but is expressed in tumor cells, especially in G361 and SK-129 expressed. It contains a BIR region and a Ring region. The Ring structural domain is not involved in the inhibition of apoptosis, but has an important role in the rational distribution of Livin within the cell, and the BIR structure inhibits the TNF-α and cytochrome C pathways. the BIR functional region of Livin is essential for its anti-apoptotic activity, and the structure has four α-helices and a zinc finger structure that maintains its three-dimensional structure The BIR domain is also covered by a number of charged residues, most of which are shared by members of the IAP family.
Livin was found to be highly expressed in some cancer cell lines, such as lymphoma, HaCaT cells, MCF7 breast cancer cells, with the highest expression level in melanoma cell lines. Livin was also found to be expressed in many solid tumors. Gazzaniga et al. measured Livin expression in 30 patients with superficial bladder cancer and observed the relationship with recurrence. It was found that Livin was highly expressed in 7 (23%) of the patients and the expression rate of Livin increased with the recurrence rate. It is suggested that Livin may be involved in the progression of superficial bladder cancer and serve as an important indicator for monitoring early recurrence.
There is no domestic report on Livin in bladder cancer, but our study found that the positive expression rate of Livin gene in 60 bladder cancer tissues was 28.3%, similar to the results of Gazzaniga P. We also found that the positive expression rate of Livin in patients with recurrent bladder cancer was significantly higher, indicating that Livin plays a role in the occurrence and development of bladder cancer, and Livin High expression indicates that patients have a tendency of early recurrence and poor prognosis, and Livin is a high risk factor for recurrence of bladder cancer. Studies on melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer by foreign scholars support our view.