As soon as winter started, the temperature dropped very quickly and the number of outpatients rose sharply. Common colds were less common than before, while bronchitis and pneumonia increased significantly. For doctors, pneumonia is considered a common disease, but for parents, it is still a major event. What is pneumonia? Pneumonia is inflammation of the terminal airways, alveoli and interstitium. To make an analogy: the whole lung is like an inverted tree: the main trunk of the tree is the main airways, gradually branching downwards are the bronchi, bronchioles, bronchioles, and bronchioles, and the alveoli are like the leaves of the tree. Inflammation of the twigs (trachea and bronchi) is tracheitis and bronchitis, and inflammation of the leaves (alveoli) is pneumonia. The twigs and the leaves themselves are continuous; bronchitis is the inflammation of the twigs and pneumonia is the inflammation of the leaves; there is no essential difference between the two; pneumonia is an extension of bronchitis. So don’t be scared at the mention of pneumonia, which differs from bronchitis only in the depth of infection. The pathogens of pneumonia can be viruses, bacteria, and mycoplasma. Currently in the outpatient clinic, pneumonia caused by viruses, bacteria, and mycoplasma can be seen, and no one appears more prominent. Initial judgment of pneumonia Parents are more concerned about what condition of the child is likely to be pneumonia? 1, small infants: small infant pneumonia often have more obvious cough, some with fever and some without. When the cough continues to aggravate, quiet state (no crying, no fever) breathing faster, dyspnea (with nasal fan: breathing nose movement), perioral green, eating milk to reduce, choking spit up obvious, irritable crying obvious or depressed when to take the child to the doctor. The condition of small babies changes rapidly, sometimes need to visit the doctor every day to observe the change of condition, may be one day or bronchitis the next day is pneumonia, even the same day will change. 2, 2,3 years old children: Pneumonia is often characterized by fever and cough. When the child has a high fever accompanied by a severe cough, fever for 2-3 days, depression, unusual irritability or crying should be alert to the possibility of pneumonia, to take the child to the doctor. 3, school-age children: mycoplasma pneumonia is more common. Typical symptoms are severe cough (especially severe), often accompanied by fever, body temperature is generally high. The mental condition of the child varies from person to person. The above description is more typical of the manifestations of pneumonia, the clinical situation will be much more complex, recently there are often children with fever and cough is not particularly serious, the course of the disease is only 2-3 days, come to the clinic on hearing is pneumonia. There are also children who do not have a fever, but only have a heavy cough, which is also pneumonia, or only a high fever that does not go away, and a very light cough, which is also pneumonia. In winter, the disease tends to be more severe and progresses quickly, so when a child has a fever and cough, the visit needs to be more aggressive. Pneumonia diagnosis Doctors will make a preliminary diagnosis based on the child’s medical history, symptoms, and findings on physical examination, and will also need to check routine blood tests, CRP, and take chest X-rays to further clarify the diagnosis. In some cases of pneumonia, there is a very distinctive wet rosette that can be heard in the lungs, which is diagnostic of pneumonia when combined with the medical history. However, in some cases, no rhonchi can be heard, so the doctor will need to take a chest X-ray in order to determine the presence or absence of pneumonia. Chest X-ray can not only clarify the presence or absence of pneumonia, but also determine the severity of pneumonia and the possible pathogens (different pathogens often have different characteristics in chest X-ray), which will help the doctor to choose the treatment plan and determine the prognosis. We hope that parents will understand and cooperate with us. Treatment of Pneumonia After diagnosis of pneumonia, hospitalization or outpatient infusion is usually recommended. Some parents are worried that infusion is not good for their children or their children may cry violently during the infusion and want to give oral antibiotic treatment to their children with pneumonia, is this feasible? Both intravenous antibiotics and oral antibiotics are antibiotic treatments, only the route of administration is different. Theoretically, oral antibiotics are feasible to treat pneumonia. The use of oral antibiotics for pneumonia is a very common treatment in foreign countries. However, there are differences in pathogens between foreign countries and China, and parents’ requirements for the speed of recovery from the disease are very different, so they cannot be copied. Static antibiotics are like a group army wiping out the enemy, while oral antibiotics are like a conventional army fighting a war, even if it can win, it is relatively slow, parents have to be able to accept this time and process. Parents need to be able to accept this time and process. Some pneumonias are so severe that oral treatment is not enough to control the disease and the condition worsens with medication. If it is convenient to see the doctor, can follow the same doctor, you can take oral 1-2 days to observe the change of the condition, such as aggravation of the condition changed to infusion. Otherwise, it is recommended to come up with a more potent treatment. The course of anti-body vein should be in accordance with the doctor’s instructions. Prevention of Pneumonia The prevention of pneumonia is the same as the prevention of respiratory infections: open the windows of the room and ventilate the room (every day), appropriate outdoor activities, and go indoors less to crowded public places. Drink plenty of fluids and rest.