The current methods used to treat coronary artery disease can be summarized into three types: drugs, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and surgical coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Each of these has a place and value, and often need to be used in combination with each other. Almost all patients with coronary artery disease should receive drug therapy, meaning that drug therapy is indicated for all patients with coronary artery disease. For the same patient, medications may be ideally controlled at one stage of the disease, while at another stage medications alone are often ineffective and need to be combined with interventional therapy or surgical bypass. It is important to emphasize that the choice of coronary artery disease treatment and the selection of medications should always be made under the guidance of an experienced physician. Percutaneous coronary interventions include balloon dilation and stent placement. Balloon dilation is performed by passing a catheter with a balloon at the tip through the femoral artery at the root of the thigh and into the coronary artery of the heart. The balloon is placed in the stenosis, and pressure is applied to expand the balloon and squeeze the atheromatous plaque to widen the stenotic vessel and increase the coronary blood flow. This method has some therapeutic effect, but it is prone to recurrence and has the potential to cause thrombosis. Coronary artery stenting is a coronary interventional technique based on balloon dilation. A tubular stent loaded on a balloon is delivered to the lesion, and the stent is spread over the lesion by pressurizing and expanding the balloon. The stent is made of human-compatible stainless steel memory alloy, which has a strong support capacity and enlarges the lumen inner diameter through the mechanical support effect of the stent. It also prevents coronary spasm and elastic retraction of the vessel wall, allowing recanalization of narrowed or blocked vessels, so stent placement reduces thrombus formation and postoperative restenosis more than balloon dilation alone. The decision as to which procedure or intervention a patient needs must be made after a comprehensive analysis with coronary angiography. Surgical coronary artery bypass grafting is a procedure that allows blood from the heart to be drawn from the aorta through a bridge to the distal end of the narrowed or obstructed coronary artery to reach the ischemic myocardium, thereby improving the ischemia and hypoxia of the myocardium. There are three main sources of “bridges”: (1) a vein from the patient’s lower extremity (saphenous vein or small saphenous vein). (2) The patient’s own internal mammary artery. (3) Synthetic materials, which are not ideal and have not been used clinically. Bypass surgery is effective and all lesions can be restored to normal blood flow via the bridge vessel. The disadvantages are that it requires general anesthesia, open chest, most patients need extracorporeal circulation, certain damage to the patient’s heart and lower extremities, slow postoperative recovery, the incidence of cerebrovascular complications (such as cerebral infarction) is about 1%, it is not suitable for repeated implementation, and the rate of bridge vessel re-occlusion after saphenous vein bypass surgery is high. At present, bypass surgery is mainly indicated for patients with poor drug therapy, contraindications to interventional therapy, or predicted poor long-term outcome of interventional therapy (e.g., patients with severe triple branch disease and left main stem stenosis, combined ventricular wall tumors, large intracavitary thrombi, stenosis of the anterior descending branch orifice, and especially patients with combined diabetes mellitus and other diseases that may lead to increased restenosis rates after interventional therapy). There are certain contraindications to bypass surgery, such as significant cardiac, pulmonary, and renal dysfunction, as well as severe cerebrovascular disease.