How to care for gastric cancer patients
Pre-surgical care guidance
1.Perfect preoperative examination and test.
2. Make good psychological preparation. Understand the importance of surgery, the possible situations before, during and after surgery and the methods of cooperation.
3.Get ready for general physiological preparation
(1) Personal hygiene: bathing, shaving, finger (toe) nail cutting (no nail polish), etc.
(2) Respiratory preparation: learn to cough effectively and breathe deeply.
(3) Gastrointestinal preparation: fasting and water fasting as prescribed by the doctor the night before surgery. Take oral laxatives or enemas as prescribed by the doctor.
(4) Urination exercises.
(4) Ensure adequate rest.
5.Morning instruction on the day of surgery
(1) Prepare the skin of the surgical area in the morning of the operation day. According to the disease needs, the physician will mark the surgical site, please do not erase the mark.
(2) Measure temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure and pain. Fasting and water fasting to empty the bladder. Notify the health care provider of any discomfort or if the female patient has menstrual flow.
(3) Remove the denture, hairpin, glasses, watch, jewelry, etc. and hand them over to family members for safekeeping. No makeup should be worn on the day of surgery. Patients with long hair should tie it up with a leather band.
(4) Change into clean gowns as instructed by the nurse and do not wear underwear or footwear.
(5) Take preoperative medication as instructed by the doctor.
Post-operative care guidance
1.A few drainage tubes will be placed on the body after surgery, such as gastric tube, negative pressure ball, urinary catheter, etc. Each catheter has a very important role in postoperative recovery and healing, so the patient should pay special attention not to pull out the catheter by himself.
2.The second day after surgery, you can start to move around in bed, for example, turning every two hours, which can promote the recovery of gastrointestinal peristalsis, encourage coughing and coughing, family members can assist the patient to pat the back and hold the wound with both hands when coughing to reduce pain, and effective coughing and coughing can prevent postoperative lung infection.
3. From the second day after surgery, patients can be kept in semi-recumbent position, which can reduce pain and limit inflammation, and increase a little activity every day. Early postoperative activities can promote intestinal peristalsis, prevent intestinal adhesions, promote respiration and blood circulation, and reduce postoperative complications, and the amount of activity depends on individual patient differences.
4.Keep your mouth clean, rinse your mouth at least 2 times a day, try to encourage patients to brush their own teeth, keeping your mouth clean can make patients feel comfortable on the one hand, and prevent respiratory tract infection on the other hand.
5.After you can eat, do not eat too much at once, you should let the gastrointestinal tract have the process of adaptation, you can transition from liquid to semi-liquid, soft food, food should be easy to digest, eat less and more meals, supplement more high protein, high vitamin diet, less milk, beans and other flatulent food, avoid raw, cold, hard and irritating food.
Precautions after discharge
1.Keep a comfortable mood, moderate activity, avoid strain and cold, do not stay up late, pay attention to the combination of work and rest. After one month of rest, you can do some self-care and light work, after 2 months you can participate in light physical labor, and after 3 months you can gradually adapt to normal work.
2, after discharge learn to care for their own wounds, can go to the pharmacy to buy sterilized cotton balls to disinfect the wound, until the wound heals well, scabs off before bathing, such as wound redness, swelling, heat, pain and other inflammatory symptoms should be promptly consulted, keep the bowel movement smooth, avoid doing to increase the abdominal pressure, to prevent the wound cracking.
3, diet ration, moderate, preferably light diet, less pickled, smoked food, avoid raw, cold, hard, spicy, wine and other stimulating food, eat more vegetables and fruits, do not eat flatulence and greasy food, after eating bed 0, 5 ~ 1h can prevent dumping syndrome.
4, a small amount of more food, 5-6 meals per day after discharge, about 50g per meal, gradually increase, to 6-8 months to resume 3 meals per day, about 100g per meal, 1 year after close to normal diet.
5.Take digestive aids and anti-anemia drugs according to medical advice, and avoid taking drugs that are damaging to the gastric mucosa, such as aspirin, anti-inflammatory pain, corticosteroids, etc.
6.Keep the stool open, and observe whether there is black stool or bloody stool, and seek medical attention at the outpatient clinic or emergency room in time if abnormalities are found.
7.If there is abdominal pain, acid reflux, belching or even nausea and vomiting, promptly check and treat them as early as possible.
8.Review: If you have stomach cancer within 1 year after surgery, come to the outpatient clinic for review every 3 months, every 6 months in the second year, and every year after that. Chest X-ray and abdominal ultrasound should be done once every six months, and CT and gastroscopy should be done when necessary. The chemotherapy regimen was determined at the time of discharge, and the post-drug response was followed up and observed.