The renal cortex is composed mainly of renal microsomes and tubules. The renal cortex is mainly composed of renal corpuscles and tubules. The physiological activities of the kidneys are mainly related to glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption, secretion and excretion functions, and the above functions are basically available after birth. Among them, glomeruli are in the renal cortex and in the renal column, and consist of vascularized globules and renal vesicles, and vascular blood pressure and plasma colloid osmolality affect their normal function. The renal tubules in the renal cortex, on the other hand, are part of the renal unit and belong to the elongated single-layered epithelial tubes with a length of 30-50 mm, which are clinically classified into proximal convoluted tubules, descending and ascending branches of the medullary collaterals, distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts. It is worth noting that infections, toxins, ischemia, etc. can cause renal tubular epithelial cell degeneration and necrosis, inducing renal dysfunction. When the initial examination reveals abnormal renal function or abnormal renal cortical structure, the patient should follow the doctor’s instructions to improve the relevant examinations, so as to confirm the diagnosis as soon as possible and standardize the diagnosis and treatment under the doctor’s guidance.