Various causes of nerve and muscle movement disorders that govern mastication and swallowing; food masses that are not adequately chewed and moistened; inconsistent coordination of breathing and swallowing, or changes in esophageal dynamics can lead to swallowing disorders, causing aspiration pneumonia and, in severe cases, asphyxia. (a) common causes of swallowing disorders 1, power disorders: neuropathy: upper motor neuron lesions: stroke, brainstem lesions, brain tumors, brain contusions, etc., demyelinating disease, etc., Parkinsonism. lower motor neuropathy: peripheral nerve injury and lesions, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome muscle weakness: disuse atrophy. 2, wet system lesions: desiccation syndrome, salivary damage and reduced secretion caused by radiotherapy, esophageal mucosa atrophy. 3, gastroesophageal reflux disease: lower esophageal sphincter loss retardation, gastroesophageal reflux esophagitis 4, anatomical changes Obstructive: lower esophageal stricture, esophageal cancer, esophageal diverticulum. Changes in hyoid bone and laryngeal position: traumatic injury, thyroid tumor compression, etc. 5.Other: cognitive dysfunction: such as cranial trauma, stroke, etc. Physiological factors: especially in the elderly, tooth loss, chewing function decreases and the retardation of nerve reflexes cause. Side effects of drug treatment: such as sedative drugs, anticholinergic drugs, etc. （NMR-type neuromuscular electrical stimulation for swallowing disorders is an effective treatment method, and different treatment frequency bands and sites are determined according to different lesions of patients in order to obtain obvious efficacy. 1, lower motor neuron lesions: including brainstem stroke or tumor (especially one side of the medulla oblongata syndrome), peripheral nerve injury and lesions, such as laryngeal recurrent nerve injury, Guillian Barree syndrome. Electrical stimulation treatment is mainly to improve the blood circulation of local nerves, reduce neurofibrosis, prevent and control muscle atrophy, reduce adhesions between muscle bundles and promote nerve regeneration. 2, upper motor neuron lesions: due to nerve injury in the brainstem above the plane of the motor nucleus, including stroke, brain tumor, traumatic brain injury, Parkinsonism disease, demyelinating disease, etc.. Some patients may be accompanied by cognitive and sensory dysfunction. It manifests as swallowing muscle weakness, coordinated motor deficits, slowed motor speed or delayed motor initiation, or spasticity. Unlike lower motor neuron swallowing disorders, these patients usually retain reflexes to protect the airway such as the mouth opening and cough reflexes. In patients with upper motor neuron injury, voluntary swallowing and coughing may be impaired but can be induced by sensory stimulation. Treatment with neuromuscular electrical stimulation mainly promotes the recovery of swallowing motor function through proprioceptive reflexes. It also has the exercise of muscles to prevent and control muscle atrophy. 3, salivary secretion is reduced so that the lubrication system of swallowing is impaired, and NMR-type neuromuscular electrical stimulation promotes salivary secretion. 4, gastroesophageal reflux disease: NMR-type neuromuscular electrical stimulation can stimulate gastroesophageal peristaltic contraction and treat gastroesophageal reflux lesions.