Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is a recurrent and severe pain confined to the area innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve or the auricular and pharyngeal branches of the vagus nerve. Unguopharyngeal neuralgia is clinically uncommon and presents similarly to trigeminal facial neuralgia, but the incidence is about 1% of the pain incidence of trigeminal facial neuralgia. The pain is located at the root of the tongue, pharynx, tonsillar region and deep external auditory canal, and can be triggered by swallowing, talking, coughing, yawning and other actions, causing great pain to the patient. Compression of the lingual nerve root in the pontocerebellar horn region by the responsible vessels is the underlying cause of lingual neuralgia. Microscopic neurosurgery has now become the surgical method of choice for the treatment of lingual neuralgia.