IABP, also known medically as aortic balloon counterpulsation, is an interventional treatment for cardiovascular disease. The process involves entering a guidewire through the femoral artery and treating the descending and abdominal aorta with an inflatable and deflatable balloon, with the distal end of the guidewire connected to a counterpulsation machine for regulating, detecting, and driving the balloon. The mechanism is to inflate the balloon during diastole and deflate it during systole, which reduces the burden on the heart during systole, increases blood ejection from the heart, and increases coronary blood flow during diastole, thereby improving coronary artery blood supply and reducing afterload on the heart. It is mainly used clinically for severe coronary artery disease such as myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, or prophylactic support therapy for cardiac interventions, but not for patients with severe aortic valve insufficiency, aortic coarctation, or aneurysm, where IABP can aggravate patient risk.