OVERVIEW
Lacewing fever is an infectious disease characterized by a filtration virus and a whitefly vector. The subtropical and Mediterranean steppe zone is the most common area for whitefly fever. Scabies is first triggered by the bite of a lacewing (often on the ankles, wrists, neck, etc.) and then aggravated by scratching, leading to the formation of ulcers that become a portal of entry for further infection. It can also cause headaches, bloodshot eyes and the same symptoms as the flu, with a fever that will last about 3 days before recovery.
Causes
The whitefly fever virus enters the body through the bite of a whitefly, reaches the reticuloendothelial system via lymphatics and capillaries to multiply, and after reaching a certain number enters the blood circulation, resulting in viremia and causing systemic lesions, which may also invade the central nervous system.
Epidemiology
Wild small mammals such as monkeys and rodents are natural hosts and are also carried by patients. The virus is transmitted by the bite of a whitefly. The population is generally susceptible, mostly in children in endemic areas, and immunity follows the disease for at least 2 years or for life. The disease is distributed in the Mediterranean region, East Asia, South Asia, and tropical American forest areas. It is seasonal, associated with whitefly reproduction, and can cause epidemics when susceptible adults intervene. Epidemics in tropical America are associated with forest exploitation.
Symptoms
White lacewing sucks the blood of people and animals by piercing the skin with the beak of its head. After being bitten, some people may have no reaction at all, while others may feel slight itch or severe itch, and localized red papules, wind bumps, small nodules, or vesicles, blisters and other damages, and the healing process may leave patches of pigmentation. If the lacewing contains black fever vesicles (LD vesicles) in its body, it can cause black fever and cutaneous black fever when it bites human skin. At the beginning, small itchy papules occur at the lacewing bites, which can last for about 5 days. After a 5-day incubation period, systemic symptoms such as headache, fatigue, nausea, conjunctival congestion, neck stiffness and abdominal pain suddenly appear, while a scarlet fever-like rash can occur on the face and neck. Recovery is slow, and the fever gradually subsides after several repeated episodes.
Examination
1. Blood tests
Decrease in white blood cell count, decrease in lymphocytes in the early stage, increase in lymphocyte classification in the later stage.
2. X-ray examination
X-ray chest radiograph shows no abnormality.
3. Urine routine examination
Urine protein is present and is very high on the 4th to 6th day of illness.
Diagnosis
Preliminary diagnosis can be made on the basis of epidemiologic data and clinical manifestations. The diagnosis depends on virus isolation and serologic examination.
Differential diagnosis
It should be differentiated from influenza and dengue fever.
1. Influenza
Sudden onset of illness, chills, fever, body temperature rises to the peak in a few hours to 24 hours, and accompanied by headache, body aches, fatigue, loss of appetite.
2. Dengue fever
Rapid onset, chills first, followed by a rapid rise in body temperature, up to 40 ℃ within 24 hours. It usually lasts for 5-7 days, and then drops to normal, with irregular fever pattern.
Treatment
1. Isolate the source of infection
For places with more mosquitoes, the adult mosquitoes can be caught by netting or sticking to catch swarms of dancing mosquitoes. Consider raising fish and releasing ducks in the river to devour the tsetse. Clean up sewage frequently to discourage mosquitoes. Use insecticides to disperse mosquitoes.
2. Blocking Transmission
Apply mosquito repellent drops and oil on the skin to prevent mosquito bites. If you have the conditions, install screen doors and windows, hang mosquito nets to prevent mosquito bites.
3. Other
In addition, should also pay attention to personal hygiene and living habits, to do a good job of environmental hygiene.
Prevention
The main preventive measures are the use of insecticides to eliminate whiteflies and the improvement of living conditions, but there is no vaccine at present.