The main difference between urology and urology is the two aspects of treatment scope and treatment method. 1. Scope of treatment: nephrology generally treats nephritis, renal insufficiency, renal failure and other diseases, while urology mainly treats kidney stones, hydronephrosis and prostate diseases. 2. Treatment: Nephrology mainly treats by using medication and hormone therapy, while urology mainly treats by surgery and surgical intervention. Although there is a difference between the two, diseases such as urinary tract infections can be treated in both internal medicine and surgery, and there is also some overlap between the two. Patients need to choose the right department for their treatment as per the doctor’s guidance.