What is a kidney transplant? A kidney transplant is commonly known as a “kidney transplant”, but instead of replacing the original kidney with a new one, a new kidney is implanted into the patient’s body, usually in the iliac fossa, to replace the original kidney. Kidney transplantation has been recognized as the best treatment for chronic renal failure uremic syndrome. Kidney transplantation has been used in clinical practice for more than 50 years and has the best results and safety among all organ transplants.