Coughing up blood first needs to differentiate between hemoptysis and vomiting blood, after confirming hemoptysis, the focus is on rapid and effective hemostasis, keeping the airway open, preventing asphyxia, symptomatic treatment, controlling the cause of the disease and preventing complications, and adopting appropriate treatments for the underlying cause of the disease. Hemoptysis is bleeding from the larynx and below, while hematemesis is bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Hemoptysis is often accompanied by symptoms such as cough and chest tightness, while vomiting is often accompanied by epigastric pain and black stools. Hemoptysis is mostly bright red, while vomiting is mostly coffee-colored. For the treatment of hemoptysis, if the hemoptysis is small, Yunnan Baiyao can be taken orally; if the amount of hemoptysis is medium, the drugs such as posterior pituitary hormone or phentolamine should be used intravenously; if the hemoptysis is large, the first step is to keep the respiratory tract open to prevent asphyxiation, and when the drug treatment is ineffective, the surgical treatment should be considered. The common causes of hemoptysis include bronchial dilatation, bronchopulmonary cancer and other tracheo-bronchial diseases, tuberculosis, pneumonia, lung abscess and other lung diseases. Therefore, the drugs for the treatment of the cause, if for bronchodilatation can be used antibacterial drugs and expectorant; if for bronchopulmonary cancer, chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy can be used; if for tuberculosis, anti-tuberculosis drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin can be used; and if for pneumonia and lung abscesses, antimicrobial drugs can be used. When coughing up blood is severe, prompt medical attention is recommended. The above drugs should be used under the supervision of a physician.