The common causes of bloated and hard belly are intra-abdominal flatulence, fluid in the abdominal cavity, abdominal masses and full-term pregnancy, which should be treated according to the onset. A, intra-abdominal flatulence 1, constipation, indigestion: simple constipation and indigestion can cause food to accumulate in the intestines, resulting in abdominal distension, abdominal hardness. Can increase the intake of dietary fiber, such as cucumbers, apples, etc., with morpholine, mosapride and other drugs to promote gastrointestinal peristalsis; 2, gastritis: gastritis can lead to indigestion, flatulence, loss of appetite and other conditions. Symptoms can be controlled with the pro-gastric motility drug morpholine and the antacid drug omeprazole, etc. In the case of H. pylori infection, H. pylori eradication should be performed; 3, gastroesophageal reflux disease: it can cause damage to the esophageal mucosa, acid reflux and heartburn, bloating and other symptoms. Acid suppression therapy is required, using drugs such as ranitidine and omeprazole. Living habits should pay attention to regular diet, elevate the head of the bed 15-20 cm when resting, quit smoking and drinking, and avoid eating before bedtime; 4. Intestinal obstruction: If the intestinal wall muscles are paralyzed in paralytic intestinal obstruction, the patient can have persistent abdominal distension. Gastrointestinal decompression should be performed immediately, antibiotics should be used to prevent infection, and water electrolytes should be replenished in a timely manner. Second, peritoneal fluid 1, cirrhosis: venous blood return obstruction leads to blood stasis, blood leakage into the abdominal cavity to form ascites, the abdomen is obviously swollen in the upright position, which may be accompanied by jaundice and wasting. Patients need to limit salt intake, with a daily consumption of about 4-6 g. Diuretic drugs such as spironolactone and furosemide can also be used to reduce ascites; 2. Chronic heart failure: ventricular dysfunction leads to the inability of blood to return to the superior vena cava, producing ascites, accompanied by shortness of breath, chest tightness, breath-holding after sleep, lower limb edema and other symptoms. Diuretics such as furosemide and bumetanide can be taken to reduce ascites, and activities are strictly limited; 3. Constrictive pericarditis: venous return obstruction leads to ascites, which can be accompanied by chest pain, dyspnea, cyanosis and pallor. Surgical pericardial dissection should be performed as early as possible, together with diuretics such as spironolactone for treatment and strict restriction of salt intake; 4. peritoneal metastatic carcinoma: mostly secondary to carcinoma of the liver, stomach, colon, pancreas and ovary, uterus and retroperitoneal malignant tumors in the peritoneal cavity, but also secondary to tumors of the lung, brain, bone, nasopharynx and skin melanoma, mostly manifesting as abdominal masses and ascites. The current treatment is cytoreductive surgery of peritoneal tumors with abdominal chemotherapy. Abdominal masses 1. pelvic tumors: such as huge ovarian cysts, often can be pushed from the pelvic cavity to the abdominal cavity, showing abdominal distension, abdominal pressure pain, rebound pain, etc. For benign cysts and patients with fertility needs, ovarian cystectomy is feasible, preserving normal ovarian tissues, and for patients without fertility needs, one or bilateral tubo-ovarian resection is feasible. The surgical treatment for malignant tumors requires removal of pelvic and abdominal metastases in addition to the cyst itself. 2. Abdominal tumors: such as liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, teratoma, etc., which may cause abdominal distension, constipation, abdominal pain, abdominal masses, etc., need to be surgically removed for benign and combined with chemotherapy for malignant while removing the tumor. The uterus is about 50g before pregnancy, but at full term, the uterus can increase more than 100 times, and the abdomen is enlarged and hardened, which is generally normal. However, it is necessary to be alert to whether there is excessive amniotic fluid. If there are no obvious symptoms after ultrasound examination, we can continue to observe, and if the discomfort worsens, we can seek medical examination to clarify the cause and take fetal preservation treatment according to the fetal development or terminate the pregnancy if necessary. In general, abdominal bloating may be caused by improper diet. By consuming less gas-producing foods, such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, taro, pumpkin, chestnuts, soy milk, etc., you can reduce bloating, and you can also consume more foods rich in dietary fiber, such as celery, spinach, pumpkin, etc., to promote gastrointestinal motility can also relieve bloating. If abdominal distension and abdominal hardness continue to worsen, you should actively improve the relevant examination and treat the disease according to its cause.