Spondylitis, or spondylitis, also known as spondyloarthritis, is a general term for a group of chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases that involve the spine and peripheral joints, ligaments and tendons as the main manifestation. Clinically, spondylitis includes ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and so on. That is, ankylosing spondylitis belongs to spondylitis, strictly speaking, the two can not make a difference. Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic autoimmune disease that mainly affects the spine and sacroiliac joints, and peripheral joints can also be involved, and it is more common in young people between 15 and 30 years old, with more men than women. Its etiology is related to infection, genetics, abnormal immune regulation, cytokine and metalloproteinase expression disorders and other factors. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the drugs of choice for ankylosing spondylitis, commonly used drugs such as celecoxib and sodium lorzolophine; in addition, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and interleukin-17 inhibitors are effective drugs for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. Their specific medication and dosage should be taken as prescribed by the doctor. Since ankylosing spondylitis may have complications such as tuberculosis, viruses and other respiratory infections, patients need to follow the doctor’s instructions to review the chest X-ray and other items during the treatment period, and surgery may be needed if the condition continues to develop with severe symptoms. Treatment for ankylosing spondylitis usually lasts a lifetime and patients should be actively involved in it. In the treatment of spondylitis and ankylosing spondylitis, the doctor’s instructions should be strictly followed, including health education, exercise and medication.