Aplastic anemia is a hematopoietic failure disease in which patients have a decrease in peripheral blood multilineage blood cells and symptoms such as anemia, bleeding, and infection. Aplastic anemia is divided into two categories, heavy and non-heavy, according to the severity. What are the causes of aplastic anemia? Aplastic anemia is a disease caused by multiple causes and mechanisms such as viral infections, chemical toxins, and ionizing radiation. At present, it is believed that T-lymphocyte hyperfunction leading to bone marrow damage and hematopoietic failure plays a major role in primary acquired aplastic anemia. How to treat aplastic anemia? 1. Symptomatic support: transfusion of red blood cells or platelets according to the condition; active anti-infection in case of combined infection, and the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to raise white blood cells in case of granulocyte deficiency combined with severe infection. If the ferritin is greater than 1000ug/L in long-term transfusion, iron removal therapy is required. 2, heavy reoccurrence: patients ≥40 years old or <40 years old without HLA-compatible sibling donor prefer ATG/ALG and cyclocytin combined with androgen therapy; patients <40 years old with HLA-compatible sibling donor prefer HLA-compatible sibling donor bone marrow transplantation, peripheral blood HSCT is not recommended; non-blood HLA-compatible donor bone marrow transplantation is only used for ATG/ALG and cyclocytin therapy Young patients with heavy reoccurrence who have failed to respond. 3.Non-heavy reoccurrence: transfusion-dependent non-heavy reoccurrence is treated with cyclocytin plus androgens for 6 months, and if it is not effective, it is treated as heavy reoccurrence; non-transfusion-dependent non-heavy reoccurrence is treated with cyclocytin and/or androgens. 4.Chinese medicine treatment for chronic reoccurrence: reoccurrence is kidney deficiency, cool moistening and nourishing medicine can relieve symptoms, warming and nourishing medicine can improve hematopoietic function, now we summarize "nourishing kidney mainly, supplementing qi", "nourishing yang mainly, supplementing yin", "first reduce the symptoms, then produce blood". A series of treatment rules such as "first reduce the symptoms, then produce blood" and "cool, warm, hot" have been summarized.