Bone marrow transplantation is an important treatment for aplastic anemia, but not all patients need to undergo bone marrow transplantation. Generally, heavy aplastic anemia, super heavy reblastosis and heavy reblastosis progressing from chronic reblastosis require hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and bone marrow transplantation is the best treatment method to achieve radical treatment with a long-term survival rate of 80%-90% after transplantation. For patients younger than 50 years old with severe reoccurrence and super-heavy reoccurrence, if there is a suitable donor for HSCT, bone marrow transplantation can be actively performed once the diagnosis is made to achieve a cure. For non-severe aplasia, hematopoietic therapy and immunosuppressive therapy are the first options, and bone marrow transplantation is generally not required. The effect of bone marrow transplantation in aplastic anemia is very good. In heavy reblastosis, most patients will die within six months if they are not treated actively, so actively looking for a donor for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation can save the patient’s life and achieve a very good cure.