There are nearly 10 million people with epilepsy in China. Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that can develop from infancy to old age. The long duration of the disease and the high disability rate place a heavy burden on the patient’s body, mind, family and even society. As the primary source of help for patients with epilepsy, neurologists have a long way to go. Epilepsy is one of the five major neuropsychiatric disorders that have been identified by the World Health Organization as a priority for prevention and control. In addition, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Brotherhood of Epilepsy (IBE), two international nongovernmental organizations concerned with epilepsy, jointly advocate, coordinate and organize global academic exchanges and public service activities on epilepsy. “The Global Campaign Against Epilepsy (GCAE) is a global campaign to improve the understanding, treatment, services and prevention of epilepsy. The Global Campaign Against Epilepsy has expanded to dozens of countries on five continents within a few years, and the demonstration project in China has been a success and has provided experience for other countries. Our country has contributed significantly to the launch and implementation of the Global Campaign to Fight Epilepsy. International Epilepsy Care Day At the 2nd Beijing International Epilepsy Forum in October 2006, the Chinese Anti-Epilepsy Society launched an initiative to create an “International Epilepsy Care Day”. The initiative was well received by representatives from more than 20 countries and supported by the International League Against Epilepsy and the International Epilepsy Society. The participants selected June 28, the date of the adoption of the Global Campaign Against Epilepsy by the International Epilepsy Congress in Dublin, Ireland, in 1997, as the International Day of Caring for Epilepsy. The clinical manifestations of epileptic seizures are complex and varied, depending on the site of onset and mode of transmission of the abnormal discharges. The causes of epilepsy are diverse. The seizures can be controlled in about 70% of patients with epilepsy after regular antiepileptic drug treatment, and 50% to 60% of them can be cured after 2 to 5 years of treatment, and the patients can work and live like normal people. Seizure classification The seizure classification scheme proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy in 1981 is currently in common use. In 2010, the International League Against Epilepsy proposed an updated seizure classification scheme, which reclassifies and adds to the seizure classification. The new scheme is more comprehensive and complete, although it summarizes the advances in epileptology research in recent years. Partial/focal seizures: Seizures in which the seizure onset symptoms and EEG changes suggest that “neurons in a part of the cerebral hemisphere are activated first”. These include simple partial seizures, complex partial seizures, and secondary generalized seizures. Generalized seizures: Seizures in which the seizure onset symptoms and EEG changes suggest “bilateral cerebral hemisphere involvement at the same time”. These include akathisia, myoclonus, tonic, clonic, tonic-clonic, and atonic seizures. Seizures that cannot be classified: Seizures that cannot be classified due to insufficient or incomplete information, or seizures that cannot be classified in the current classification criteria (e.g., spastic seizures). Seizure types newly identified in recent years: including myoclonic akathisia, negative myoclonus, eyelid myoclonus, and demented laughing seizures. Classification of epileptic syndromes Depending on the cause of epilepsy, they can be classified as idiopathic epileptic syndromes, symptomatic epileptic syndromes, and possibly symptomatic epileptic syndromes. the new scheme proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy in 2001 also defines or standardizes some key terms, including reflex epileptic syndrome, benign epileptic syndrome, and epileptic encephalopathy. Idiopathic epilepsy syndrome: a syndrome without structural brain damage and other neurological signs and symptoms, in addition to epilepsy. It mostly starts before puberty and has a good prognosis. Symptomatic epilepsy syndrome: A central nervous system lesion or abnormality due to various causes, including structural brain abnormalities or various factors that affect brain function. With advances in medicine and the continued development and availability of tests, more and more cases of epilepsy are able to find a cause. Possible symptomatic epilepsy syndrome or cryptogenic epilepsy: considered to be a symptomatic epilepsy syndrome, but the cause is currently unknown. Reflex epilepsy syndrome: refers to epilepsy in which almost all seizures are triggered by specific sensory or complex cognitive activities, such as reading epilepsy, startle epilepsy, visual reflex epilepsy, heat bath epilepsy, and cardboard epilepsy. The seizures also disappear when the triggers are removed. Benign epilepsy syndrome: refers to an epilepsy syndrome that is easily treated or can be completely resolved without treatment, leaving no sequelae. Epileptic encephalopathy: refers to progressive brain dysfunction caused by the epileptic abnormality itself. Its cause is primarily or entirely due to seizures or frequent epileptic discharges between seizures. It is mostly of neonatal, infantile, and childhood onset. The EEG is markedly abnormal and drug therapy is ineffective. These include West syndrome, LGS, LKS, as well as Otahara syndrome and Dravet syndrome.