Vascular surgery is an ancient and young discipline in clinical surgery. To say it is old is to say that vascular surgery has a long history. As early as the 6th to 8th century BC, there are already records of vascular surgeons and vascular surgery operations. At that time, Sushruta, a distinguished ancient Indian physician, began to use twine to ligate blood vessels and perform venous dissection, and wrote perhaps the world’s first textbook on surgery, the Sushruta Samhita, which detailed many surgical operations, even including as many as four methods of hemostasis. To say it is young is to say that current techniques and tools of vascular surgery diagnosis and treatment have gone far beyond what the field of vascular surgery could achieve in Sushruta’s time and in the last hundred years, and have entered a whole new era. With the advancement of modern science and technology, the treatment of vascular diseases has undergone a radical change due to the continuous development of endoluminal treatment materials and technologies such as guidewires, catheters and stents. The most important point is the rise of endoluminal vascular technology characterized by “minimally invasive”. The most basic component of endoluminal vascular technology is the endoluminal vascular instruments – including guidewires, catheters, balloons, stents, and so on. These devices are the “scalpel” in the hands of the vascular surgeon, who manipulates them to complete the endoluminal vascular treatment. How to understand the concept of “endoluminal vascular therapy”? The human vascular system is like the complex subway network of a city. The blood vessels are the subway tunnels. If there is a problem with the tunnel (i.e. a lesion in a blood vessel), how can it be repaired? There are only two ways, one is through the tunnel outside the way to repair, and the other is through the tunnel inside the way. In the former case, the ground needs to be dug up and a lot of construction needs to be done, which is the traditional open surgery model of vascular surgery; in the latter case, no ground needs to be moved and the problem is solved quietly from inside the tunnel, which is the modern endoluminal vascular treatment model. Repair workers and repair equipment are transported through the underpass to the problem area of the tunnel. The tracks are the guidewires in endoluminal vascular devices, the carriages are the catheters, and the metal supports reinforced by the tunnel walls are the stents. The balloon is easier to understand. It is like a bicycle tire that is out of air or deflated, pumping air into the inner tube, which is equivalent to a balloon, and the inner tube bulges up to support the outer tube, lifting the stenosis and making the bike rideable. The above is a simple analogy of endoluminal vascular therapy. From this, we can understand why endoluminal vascular therapy is “minimally invasive”? Because we do not have to open the chest, open the abdomen to find the lesion site, we can make a small hole at a distance “by subway” (through the guide wire catheter) to go; patients do not have to receive general anesthesia, do not have to be unconscious, do not have to cardiac arrest, we only need to puncture the site (hole) to a point of local anesthesia, the patient can also listen to music during the operation (consciousness clear). ”Minimally invasive” endoluminal vascular therapy reduces surgical trauma and anesthesia-related risks, thus minimizing the perioperative physiological, psychological, and functional impact on the patient. I am afraid that its greatest advantage is also the significant improvement in the visual experience of patients undergoing minimally invasive treatment compared to those undergoing open surgery. After all, for patients without much medical expertise, the difference between a 2 cm long incision and a 20 cm long incision is too great to be considered one above the other. Today, traditional open vascular surgery has been gradually replaced by endovascular surgery. For example, in the treatment of arterial occlusive diseases of the lower extremities, endoluminal vascular therapy with balloon dilation and stent placement has replaced about 95% of traditional revascularization surgery (open surgery); endoluminal isolation using endoluminal grafts has further expanded the application of endoluminal vascular technology to the treatment of various types of dilated lesions of large arteries, which has gradually expanded the field of minimally invasive treatment, greatly reducing patient pain and lowering the cost of vascular surgery. This has led to a gradual expansion of the field of minimally invasive treatment, greatly reducing patient pain and risk. In China, the history of vascular surgery as an independent discipline is relatively short, and it was only in the 1980s that vascular surgery began to appear in academic conferences or journals as an independent department or specialty group. 1987, the Chinese Medical Association held the first national symposium on peripheral vascular disease, and in 1994, China became one of the founding members of the Asian Association of Vascular Surgery.