Hairy cell astrocytoma is a low-grade malignant tumor of WHO grade I in the classification of central nervous system tumors. It can occur anywhere in the brain or spinal cord, with the optic nerve and cerebellum being the main sites of involvement. It is a well-demarcated, slow-growing astrocytoma that occurs in children and adolescents. Hairy cell-type astrocytoma has non-infiltrative growth in histomorphology, remarkable clinical features, imaging manifestations and pathological characteristics, and slow growth. It is preferred to be treated by microsurgery, and combined with radiotherapy according to the specific situation after surgery, which has a better prognosis. When the diagnosis of hairy cell type astrocytoma is made, the patient should cooperate with the doctor for timely treatment and surgical intervention, and should have confidence in the treatment.