The main common thyroid disorders are hyperthyroidism or hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism or hypothyroidism, thyroid tumors, thyroiditis, thyroid cysts, and complications of hyperthyroidism. What are the examination methods for thyroid diseases? 1.Questioning the medical history and physical examination The lymph nodes in the neck must be examined at the same time, and attention should be paid to distinguishing whether the swelling in the neck originates from the thyroid gland. 2.Radionuclide examination This examination should become a routine diagnostic means of thyroid gland, and the radionuclides include 131I and 99mTc. 3.Ultrasound examination Detecting the shape, size, number of thyroid masses and the position of the carotid artery sheaths; determining whether the masses are cystic or solid; clarifying the situation of the cervical lymph nodes; and serving as a localization means of the puncture examination. 4.X-ray and CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination Frontal and lateral radiographs of the neck can be taken to understand the extent of the tumor, different calcified images and the relationship with the trachea and esophagus. CT and MRI examination can clearly show the size and shape of the thyroid tumor and its relationship with the trachea, esophagus, blood vessels and even nerves, so as to fully define the extent of invasion of the cancer and provide scientific basis for the implementation of surgery. 5. Fine-needle aspiration cytology examination: Advantages: Simple ultrasound; no anesthesia (children can also undergo it); no risk of bleeding and metastasis of cancer cells; high positive rate, very few false positives, false negative rate about 10%. Laboratory examination: To find out whether there is any abnormality of thyroid function, and to help clarify the nature of thyroid enlargement. Commonly used tests include: T3, T4, TSH, FT3, FT4, TGA, MCA, plasma calcitonin and ESR.