Pulmonary alveoli are air-containing cavities that form within the lung tissue, which are a form of limited emphysema due to destruction of the lung tissue, usually secondary to small inflammatory bronchial lesions such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, or bronchiectasis. There are also some idiopathic pulmonary alveoli of unknown origin. Inflammatory lesions in small bronchi become edematous, narrow or occluded blocking the lumen. The blockage produces a valve effect, which allows air to enter the alveoli without being able to discharge, and the pressure gradually increases. At the same time, some inflammatory factors, which are lung tissue damage alveolar walls and septa gradually fuse and form large cystic cavities. There are single or multiple large alveoli in the lungs. According to the pulmonary alveoli around, there are no obstructive lesions in the lung tissue can be divided into three main types. 1, type I pulmonary alveoli: the surrounding lung parenchymal tissue is normal, with clear boundaries, mostly located in the apical part of the lung, and the patient has relatively no serious symptoms and signs. 2, type II pulmonary alveoli: the surrounding lung parenchyma has extensive emphysema, and the patient has severe symptoms such as breath-holding and coughing. 3, type III pulmonary alveoli: a chronic, large-alveolar emphysema with complete loss of lung parenchyma in the region, with no function of the lung segments or lobes, or even the whole lung on one side, all together. Different treatment measures should be taken for different classifications and different severity of pulmonary maculopathy. In general, mild forms of pulmonary maculopathy that are asymptomatic or only mildly symptomatic are first given conservative treatment, including general therapy or medication. For moderate to severe pulmonary maculoplasm, where symptoms are obvious or even cause serious complications, aggressive surgical treatment is recommended.