In the clinic, I met a young girl who came to ask about the treatment of urinary incontinence. At first I was very puzzled because most of these patients are middle-aged and elderly women. Only after careful questioning did I understand that my attentive daughter had noticed that her mother, who was usually active, had been going out less and less for square dancing lately, and only after asking the reason did the mother embarrassingly tell her child that recently she would have urine leaking when she moved casually. This girl was very thoughtful to discover her mother’s difficulty and came to find a solution. In fact, urinary incontinence is a very high prevalence disease in the general population of middle-aged and elderly women, with an average of one in five patients, most of whom suffer from stress incontinence. The main manifestation is the involuntary flow of urine from the urethra due to increased abdominal pressure during coughing, sneezing, laughing or exercise. The occurrence of stress incontinence is associated with many factors, the more definite of which include a high number of births (and lack of proper perineal muscle training after delivery), pelvic prolapse, and obesity. Despite the high incidence, many patients take treatment lightly due to a lack of awareness of the need to seek medical care or an inability to find the correct pathway. Many people even feel that this is a fairly common physiological condition as they get older, so they can just put a pad on and get by. In fact, stress urinary incontinence is a disease that is easy to occur, easy to diagnose, and easy to cure! Diagnosis, if the symptoms mentioned above can basically confirm the diagnosis, but should also be assessed in detail by a specialist, grading, and further differentiation with other diseases. I often encounter patients with a combination of urge incontinence, so the approach and order of management is slightly adjusted. In terms of treatment, if it is simply female stress incontinence, there are three levels: pelvic floor muscle training, medication, and surgery. Let’s start with the first point. By repeatedly and autonomously contracting the pelvic floor muscle groups to increase their toughness, endurance and responsiveness, will improve urinary incontinence and vaginal laxity to some extent. This training is simple, easy to perform and will be effective for mild stress incontinence. The key question is how to find the right “pelvic floor muscle”. In fact, it is not difficult, try, in urination, for a sudden suspension of urination, is not the use of a group of muscles? That is the pelvic floor muscle, contract it on the line. Standing, sitting, lying down can be trained. Each group of 10 movements. Each contraction is held for 10 seconds. Each action interval of 10 seconds. Train 3 sets per day. Stick with it for 3 months. See if there are results? If the effect is not good, we should consider drugs or surgery. The second point is that the clinical use of drugs is not very common, firstly because the effect is not very certain, and secondly because there are some side effects of drugs, such as nausea, vomiting, or high blood pressure. For middle-aged and elderly women, these drugs should be used with great caution and must be prescribed by a specialist and monitored regularly. The third is surgical treatment. However, since 1996, the invention of the non-tensile transvaginal urethral sling (TVT) for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence has brought about a revolution in surgery, and because it is minimally invasive, simple and easy to perform, it has become the mainstream surgical procedure for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. The procedure can even be performed under local anesthesia and takes a very short time, less than 30 minutes to complete. In recent years, sling procedures have been improved, such as TVT-EXACT, TVT-O, TVT-Abbrevo, etc., resulting in fewer incisions and progressively less trauma and complications. In addition, newer procedures such as paraurethral filler injection and stem cell injection are being researched and developed. Overall, as a urologist, my advice is as follows: 1. Ask yourself (or a woman you care for) if you leak urine when you cough, laugh, run, or jump? 2. If so, come to the hospital and see a doctor who is familiar with urinary control for an evaluation. What is the severity? 3.Train your pelvic floor muscles to see if your symptoms improve. 4.If you are fat, see if you can improve urinary control after losing weight. 5.Minimally invasive sling surgery is very accurate and easy to perform. If the effect of conservative treatment is not significant, it should be considered, once and for all.