Thyroid nodules are common, especially among middle-aged women. Thyroid nodules are divided into two categories: benign and malignant, with benign nodules accounting for the majority. Thyroid nodules can be single or multiple, and the incidence of multiple nodules is higher than that of single nodules, but the incidence of thyroid cancer is higher in single nodules. In the past, when physical examination was done for thyroid examination, it was mostly done by surgical palpation. The location of the thyroid gland is relatively hidden, and it is often difficult to detect small thyroid nodules even for experienced doctors, thus the detection rate of thyroid nodules is low. In recent years, the incidence of thyroid lesions has continued to rise as the environment has become increasingly polluted with hazardous substances and radioactivity has increased. It is quite necessary to include thyroid ultrasound in routine medical checkups. Through thyroid ultrasound, 10% to 20% of people can find out that there is something wrong with the thyroid gland, and the vast majority of them are thyroid nodules. Thyroid nodules usually have no obvious symptoms. When thyroid nodules are found during a physical exam, a thyroid specialist is needed to identify them. Most thyroid nodules found during a physical exam are natural and do not require any treatment or management, even if they are found. If the nodule gradually increases in size, is hard to the touch, the border is not very clear, and the ultrasound reveals that the nodule is solid, then malignancy should be highly suspected. Pay special attention to the surrounding lymph nodes in the neck to see if there is any change in size and sound. If there are both nodules and voice changes, it should be highly suspected. Ultrasound-guided puncture pathology is needed. For abnormal thyroid nodules, do not expect to take any medication to eliminate it, only to do surgery. To prevent long thyroid nodules, it is important to avoid insufficient or excessive iodine intake. Before the introduction of the mandatory iodized salt system in China, most thyroid nodules developed due to iodine deficiency. However, modern research has found that thyroid nodules can also occur if iodine intake is excessive. In addition, stress, anxiety, worry and insomnia should be avoided in general. The need for thyroxine is greatly increased in these situations, and if the load is exceeded, the thyroid gland is susceptible to lesions.