The treatment of carotid atherosclerosis includes both medical and surgical therapies. Internal medicine is mainly used to improve symptoms through lifestyle changes, antiplatelet and other medications. Surgical treatment is mainly through carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting. Carotid atherosclerosis is the local manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis in the carotid artery. The early stage of carotid atherosclerosis first shows intimal hyperplasia and gradually forms plaque, on the basis of which the plaque may continue to develop and cause carotid artery stenosis, or the plaque may rupture and dislodge, forming emboli and causing the occurrence of ischemic cerebrovascular events such as cerebral embolism. Internal treatment mainly stops the further progress of carotid atherosclerosis through lifestyle changes, antiplatelet and other drug treatments. Lifestyle changes include quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, low-salt and low-fat diet, moderate exercise and weight control. Drug treatment includes 1. control of blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipids. 2.Anti-platelet therapy, daily oral aspirin or clopidogrel can be taken. 3. Intensive lipid-lowering therapy. Depending on the patient’s LDL-C level and whether other risk factors for ischemic stroke are combined, statins can be used to control blood lipids as appropriate. Changes in liver function and creatine kinase need to be monitored regularly during the course of administration. If carotid atherosclerosis becomes symptomatic or if carotid atherosclerosis leads to stenosis greater than 75%, treatment can be performed by endoluminal intervention, such as carotid artery stenting, which can dilate the lumen and make the atherosclerotic vessels reach or approach the normal lumen diameter, and can alleviate the patient’s symptoms. Surgical procedures, such as carotid endarterectomy, can also be performed to treat carotid artery stenosis.