A patient asked: I am 35 years old and recently had a medical checkup and the gynecological ultrasound report said “suspected endometrial polyp”. I don’t have any symptoms, do I need further examination and treatment in this case? The reader mentioned the treatment of endometrial polyps, the basic advice is this: if there are fertility requirements, should be actively dealt with, hysteroscopic electrodes and sent to the pathology, to exclude the possibility of malignant change, after surgery can try to conceive; if there is no fertility requirements, can not be dealt with, in the next period after 3-5 days to do ultrasound examination to see whether the polyps fall off, and then regular follow-up can be. So for endometrial polyps, how should be properly diagnosed and treated? In the gynecological clinic, endometrial polyp is one of the most common endometrial lesions in women, it is a benign nodular protrusion of the endometrium, consisting of endometrial glands, mesenchyme and blood vessels. The polyp can be single or multiple, tongue-shaped or finger-shaped, non-tipped or tipped, mostly located at the bottom of the uterus, small 1~2 mm, or large can fill the whole uterine cavity. Single smaller polyps usually have no clinical symptoms and are mostly found during ultrasound or hysteroscopy. When endometrial polyps are multiple or larger, they mainly manifest as excessive menstrual flow and irregular menstrual cycle during the fertile period and irregular vaginal bleeding during menopause. Polyps may cause infertility, malignant changes, etc., but their occurrence is relatively rare, usually with an incidence of 0% to 12.9%, and depends on the study population. Ageing, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, peri- and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy, and long-term tamoxifen application after breast cancer surgery are factors that are associated with a high prevalence of endometrial polyps, as well as a high risk of atypical hyperplasia and malignant development of endometrial polyps. There are various tests for endometrial polyps, commonly used are vaginal ultrasound (TVS) and hysteroscopy. TVS is fast, convenient, non-invasive and economical, and is the test of choice for diagnosing endometrial polyps. Hysteroscopy can not only examine the uterine cavity comprehensively under direct vision, but more importantly, it can remove the lesion under direct vision, and combined with pathological examination is the gold standard for diagnosing endometrial polyps. However, hysteroscopy is an invasive test and the operation needs to be performed under anesthesia, which is relatively risky and costly. In addition, transvaginal hysterosonography technique is mostly used as a supplement to ultrasonography because it may cause pain to the subject during the examination; diagnostic scraping is easy to miss and misdiagnose, so it is not used; uterine tubal iodography (HSG) is not commonly used in the diagnosis of endometrial polyps, and polyps are mostly found during routine HSG examination due to infertility. There are various treatment modalities that take into account various factors such as polyp size, clinical symptoms, and fertility requirements. Non-surgical conservative treatment includes expectant therapy and pharmacological treatment. Studies have shown that about 25% of polyps can regress on their own, and polyps less than 10 mm in length are more likely to regress; therefore, for patients with small polyps (<10 mm) and asymptomatic polyps, they can be left untreated after communication with the patient and followed up. Pharmacological treatment of polyps is not recommended at present due to its limited effect, recurrence after discontinuation, relatively high price and its non-negligible side effects. Surgical conservative treatment includes curettage, hysteroscopic localization of polyps, hysteroscopic electrodesiccation of endometrial polyps, and endometrial removal. Scraping is the removal of endometrial disease by blind scraping, with a success rate of less than 50% and incomplete removal of lesions; when hysteroscopic treatment is feasible, scraping should not be used as a diagnostic or therapeutic intervention. Hysteroscopic post-localization polyp removal is indicated for single, small or thin-tipped polyps, which are prone to recurrence because the base of the polyp cannot be removed; hysteroscopic endometrial polyp electrosurgery is the best procedure for patients with fertility requirements, who can try to conceive after the resumption of menstruation; endometrial removal is indicated for patients without fertility requirements, without combined uterine malignant disease, excessive menstruation and ineffective drug therapy The indications for radical surgery, i.e. hysterectomy, are limited to patients with pathological diagnosis of suspected malignant polyps and no fertility requirements. Surgery is recommended for patients with prolonged periods, increased menstrual flow, ultrasound findings of intrauterine cavity, or if the possibility of malignancy of intrauterine cavity polyps cannot be completely excluded. The purpose of endometrial polyp treatment is to remove the polyp, eliminate the symptoms and improve the pregnancy outcome, so will the polyp recur after treatment? In fact, the recurrence of polyps and the rate of recurrence are related to the treatment modality. Endometrial removal and hysterectomy can prevent recurrence. The rate of missed curettage is high. Hysteroscopic localization of polyps is prone to recurrence because the base and surrounding endometrium of the polyp cannot be completely removed, and a recurrence rate of l5% has been reported. Hysteroscopic endometrial polypectomy has a low recurrence rate because the polyps are removed under direct vision and the extent and depth of removal is better controlled. To avoid recurrence of endometrial polyps, patients without fertility requirements and with heavy menstrual flow can choose to use the progestin-containing contraceptive ring, the Manuel IUD. The recurrence rate of endometrial polyps can be decreased by progestin inhibition of endometrial proliferation after IUD. Oral contraceptives and progestin also have an inhibitory effect on the development of endometrial polyps. In conclusion, endometrial polyp is a common gynecological disease. Currently, the preferred diagnostic method is transvaginal ultrasound and the gold standard is hysteroscopy combined with pathological examination. Statistical analysis of the best treatment options for endometrial polyps is still needed at the level of different factors in order to develop a treatment plan for women of different ages, with different fertility requirements and different conditions, and also to provide better guidance for effective recurrence prevention.