Diabetes mellitus is one of the major chronic diseases that seriously endanger human health. Among them, type 2 diabetes accounts for 90% – 95%, and its main causes are insulin resistance and insufficient insulin secretion. In terms of treatment, although drugs can control patients’ blood glucose levels, they cannot fundamentally eliminate these two factors that lead to type 2 diabetes. In the past decade, there has been a revolutionary change in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. in October 2008, the European Diabetes Association concluded that: type 2 diabetes is expected to become a surgically curable gastrointestinal disease; in 2009, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommended gastric diversion surgery for the first time in the guidelines for the treatment of type 2 diabetes as an important measure for the treatment of obesity with type 2 diabetes, and identified it as a In September 2009, the European Diabetes Association confirmed that diabetes had become a surgically curable gastrointestinal disease; the 2010 edition of the Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes listed surgery as one of the treatment measures for type 2 diabetes; at the end of 2013, Cleveland Medical Center listed type 2 diabetes surgery as one of the top 10 medical In October 2015, at the 10th Medical Innovation Summit, surgery for type 2 diabetes was again ranked among the top 10 medical innovations of the past decade. Currently, surgery is an important treatment for type 2 diabetes. In the United States alone, more than 100,000 people with type 2 diabetes are treated with surgery each year, and today I’m here to answer the top questions about surgical treatment of diabetes surgery. Why can surgery cure type 2 diabetes? This is mainly because surgery changes the structure of the gastrointestinal tract and the physiological flow of food, thus changing the state of secretion of food-stimulated gastrointestinal hormones. According to whether food passes through or not, the surgery divides the gastrointestinal tract into two parts: 1. food diversion zone (biliopancreatic collaterals): the duodenum and part of the jejunum in this zone are left open and no longer receive food stimulation, and the synthesis and secretion of insulin resistance factors such as gastrin inhibitory peptide (GIP) released by K cells in the small intestine epithelium is reduced, thus relieving insulin resistance and improving insulin sensitivity; 2. food flow through zone (digestive collaterals). Insufficiently digested food enters ileum and colon earlier, stimulating L-cells of small intestine epithelium to secrete glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and other enteric-derived endocrine hormones to increase synthesis and secretion, stimulating synthesis and secretion of islet cells, while reducing apoptosis and proliferation of islet cells, thus improving islet function.