The best treatment for the initial patient with a nail infection in the big toe is to choose a conservative anti-infective treatment. Choose broad-spectrum sodium penicillin intravenously, and also pay attention to the local hygiene of the lesion. You can insist on applying iodophor daily for disinfection, which is less irritating and can also promote the local inflammation to subside. If the nail infection worsens, local abscesses are formed and purulent dactylitis appears, the patient will also have fever, even chills, malaise, increased local pain, and fluctuating sensation on examination, in which case surgery should be promptly selected for incision and drainage, and toe root nerve block anesthesia should be selected. An incision is chosen on the lateral side of the toe, and the skin and subcutaneous tissue are cut and separated to drain the pus, and the patient’s painful symptoms can be reduced. After the surgery, anti-infection treatment is also required, with intermittent medication changes to promote healing.