Neocoron is generally referred to as novel coronavirus pneumonia, and for patients, a positive test result by a novel coronavirus nucleic acid test is the primary criterion for confirming the diagnosis of the disease. Neocoronavirus pneumonia is a respiratory infectious disease that is currently a global pandemic and is caused by an organism that has been infected by the neocoronavirus. In order to make a definitive diagnosis of the disease, it is necessary to use nucleic acid amplification to test the relevant specimens, and a positive nucleic acid test for novel coronavirus is usually the first criterion for confirming the diagnosis of the disease. The diagnosis of novel coronavirus pneumonia does not rely solely on a positive nucleic acid test, but also requires a comprehensive analysis based on the epidemiologic history and the patient’s clinical presentation in order to definitively diagnose the disease. Once an individual is diagnosed, he or she should be properly isolated and treated. Tip: In this article, the terms “new coronavirus pneumonia” and “new coronavirus pneumonia” were renamed to “new coronavirus infection” on December 26, 2022, as announced by the National Health Commission.