With the popularity of medical checkups, more and more patients with renal cysts are encountered in outpatient clinics. Many patients do not understand the disease of renal cysts and are anxious about the growth of “tumors” in their kidneys. Here I will briefly talk about the common disease of renal cysts with my personal experience and related literature. The most common kidney cyst we usually encounter is simple kidney cyst. It increases with age, up to 25% or more in people over 50 years old. They can be unilateral, single or multiple, or bilateral and multiple. They are usually asymptomatic, with occasional pressure symptoms. Renal cysts are usually asymptomatic, and the most common self-reported symptom is pain in the affected kidney area. Many patients with renal cysts have complaints of back pain, usually soreness and swelling, and most of the more severe pain is not caused by cysts, as attention is paid to exclude other diseases. Intracapsular bleeding or secondary infection may worsen the pain. Some patients may present with hematuria or proteinuria. 6.4% may have carnal hematuria; 40% may have microscopic hematuria; 12% may have proteinuria. The degree of hematuria or proteinuria is not related to the size of the cyst. Cysts increase in size with the duration of the disease. The rate is variable and generally slow; if the increase is rapid, watch out for the possibility of bleeding or cancer. Ultrasound examination is preferred for renal cysts. If ultrasound findings are suspicious or ambiguous, and also before surgical operation, a CT-enhanced scan of the kidney is necessary. Simple renal cysts progress slowly and have a good prognosis, so there is usually no need to worry excessively. There is no pharmacological treatment for renal cysts and surgical manipulation is required if necessary. The indications that are generally considered to require surgical management are: (1) those with painful symptoms or psychological stress; (2) those larger than 4 cm or with compression-obstruction imaging changes (I generally relax to 5 cm); and (3) those with secondary bleeding or suspected cancer. Surgical treatments include cyst puncture and sclerotomy, open renal cyst decompression, or laparoscopic cyst decompression and decompression. Cyst puncture and laparoscopic surgery are recommended. Cyst puncture is simpler, local anesthesia is sufficient, and the damage is minimal, with the disadvantage that the recurrence rate is higher. Laparoscopic surgery is also minimally invasive and more thorough, but requires surgery under general anesthesia and is more damaging than puncture.