Cold winter months, snow drifts, although outside the cold wind howling, Mr. and Mrs. Wang heart is as warm as spring, pregnant for ten months, the long-awaited child finally came, and it is a big fat boy. The family was happy. But the little guy was born a few days, the beginning of breastfeeding is quite strong, but slowly but less and less milk, crying is not as loud as when he was born. Little face, little arms and legs are hard, like rubber. The family was anxious to send the child to the hospital, only to realize that the child is a never heard of disease: “neonatal scleroderma”. The little one was sent into the incubator of the neonatal intensive care unit to rewarm and monitor the treatment. Fortunately, after careful treatment and care by medical staff, the child regained his health, and the family’s hanging heart fell to the ground. The child was born well, so will get this disease? Mr. and Mrs. Wang were very puzzled. After the doctor’s explanation, Wang realized that the original neonatal scleroderma is not a rare disease, especially common in premature infants. Especially in the cold winter and spring seasons, it is more likely to occur, so some experts also call it cold injury syndrome. In addition to cold, preterm labor, infection, asphyxia, and improper feeding are also high risk factors for scleroderma. Why does neonatal sclerodactyly occur only in newborns? It is related to the special physiologic conditions of newborns. Unlike adults who have white fat, newborns have fewer fat reserves and predominantly brown fat. Brown fat is a unique tissue in the neonate’s body, and the neonate relies on brown fat to catabolize heat when it is needed urgently in a cold environment. The body surface area of the newborn is relatively large, the skin is thin and tender, and blood vessels are rich, so it is easy to dissipate heat. If you don’t pay attention to warmth after birth, the baby’s surrounding environment temperature is too low, too much heat dissipation, brown fat is easy to exhaust, body temperature will fall. Preterm labor, newborn severe infection body temperature will also not rise. In these cases, the subcutaneous fat is easy to coagulate and harden, at the same time, low temperature when the peripheral capillary dilation, increased permeability, prone to edema, resulting in scleroderma. In neonatal scleroderma, due to the inability to produce heat to maintain a normal body temperature, the child’s body temperature can drop to 31~35 ℃, or even about 26 ℃, the general thermometer can not be measured, and need to be detected with a special hypothermia thermometer. Early stage of scleroderma babies may show low or no crying, poor sucking, few spontaneous limb movements and dark red skin. As the condition worsens, the baby’s skin turns dark red, or in severe cases, pale or cyanotic, with cold limbs and trunk and a weak pulse. Skin and subcutaneous tissue first edema, later become hard, severe cases like hard rubber-like. Scleroma first occurs in the calves, cheeks and shoulders, later the lateral thighs, buttocks, upper limbs are also involved, and even the whole body. In the later stage, dyspnea may occur due to chest and abdominal sclerosis, and inability to open the mouth due to cheek sclerosis. If not treated timely and effectively, the child will suffer from shock, severe acidosis, diffuse intravascular coagulation, low heart sound, slow heart rate, low reaction, little or no urine, and later on, hemorrhagic fluid from mouth and nose, and death due to pulmonary hemorrhage. Therefore, for babies born in winter and spring, such as poor response, weak cry, weak sucking, and abnormal skin color, all need to be highly alert to the possibility of scleroderma. Neonatal scleroderma is so harmful, so how should we prevent it? On the one hand, mothers-to-be should do a good job of pregnancy health care, reasonable nutrition, to reduce the risk of preterm delivery. In cold areas, when choosing a hospital for labor and delivery, you should try to go to a hospital with better conditions in the delivery room and a radiation table. The temperature of the delivery room should not be too low, and it is best to maintain it above 26 degrees Celsius. The baby’s clothing should be warmed up well in advance, the baby should be dried on the radiation table after delivery, and dressed, hooded and packed immediately after the umbilical cord is disconnected. If the baby’s limbs are cold, a warm water bag can be placed outside the wrap, but the temperature should not be too high to avoid burns. If the baby is premature, it should be placed in a neonatal warmer to keep warm. If there is really no warm conditions, you can put the baby naked against the mother’s chest and then wrapped in clothing to keep warm. On the other hand, adequate heat supply is also an important measure to prevent scleroderma. After the baby is delivered, milk should be started as soon as possible to ensure adequate supply of calories and nutrients to avoid hypoglycemia. Regardless of whether the baby is full-term or preterm, breastmilk is the best food except for special circumstances such as illness of the mother. Premature babies, if breastmilk is not sufficient, should be fed with specialized preterm formula. However, if there has been a more severe manifestation of scleroderma, at this time the gastrointestinal tract there is hypoxia ischemia, should stop feeding, to avoid the occurrence of necrotizing small bowel colitis. In addition, after the birth of the baby, the early resistance is poor, easy to get infected, should avoid too many visits, so as to avoid infection and lead to scleroderma. In winter and spring, the care of babies after they come home from the hospital also needs to be very meticulous. It is best to maintain the temperature at home at around 26 degrees Celsius. Baby clothes should be made of cotton with good warmth. Baby’s urine and stool should be cleaned up in time and kept dry. Baby bathing is more need to do a good job of keeping warm, not too long, to avoid excessive loss of body temperature, bathing should be immediately after the dry and change into dry preheated clothing. Condition should be daily monitoring of the child’s temperature, if you find that the baby response is poor, not good at eating milk, the skin is cold and hard, the body temperature drops, should be sent to the doctor immediately, so as not to delay treatment.