Due to the increase in environmental pollution and the increase in the number of smokers and the amount of smoking, the incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer has increased dramatically in the past half century worldwide, and nowadays, lung cancer has become the most prevalent and common lung disease and the first among various cancers in men in most countries and regions, including China, as well as the first among urban cancer deaths in China. Nearly 800,000 people die from lung cancer each year in China, of which, non-small cell lung cancer patients account for about 80%. It is necessary to clearly standardize and guide the treatment plan so that patients can achieve the most effective treatment effect with the most economical cost. The treatment of lung cancer requires a comprehensive evaluation to determine the most appropriate treatment plan. In the majority of cases, the best treatment is a multidisciplinary and comprehensive treatment based on surgery. The first step is to determine the type of lung cancer. Lung cancer is divided into non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) according to pathology, which account for about 80% and 20% of the total lung cancer incidence, respectively. Among them, non-small cell lung cancer is subdivided into squamous carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Small cell undifferentiated carcinoma is more sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but is prone to recurrence. Overall speaking, lung cancer is best treated by surgery. Secondly, it depends on the stage of lung cancer. Internationally, a unified standard is used to divide lung cancer into four stages: I, II, III and IV. Among them, stage I and II are characterized by smaller tumors, easier to be removed and no distant metastasis, which can be treated by surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, with better final healing effect and higher radical rate. In contrast, stage III is mainly surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Stage IV lung cancer cannot be operated, and only radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be used. Thirdly, it depends on the patient’s physical condition. It is mainly to check whether the patient’s vital organs, heart, liver, lung and kidney functions are normal and there are no important underlying diseases such as diabetes and myocardial infarction. The best treatment method can be found by combining the above overall conditions. Chemotherapy can be used in cases that are not suitable for surgery and radiotherapy, and in cases that have relapsed after surgery and radiotherapy or have had systemic metastases. In addition, chemotherapy can be used as an adjuvant treatment before surgery and as a means to consolidate the efficacy of treatment after surgery and radiotherapy.