In recent years, intervertebral foraminoscopy has become increasingly popular among orthopedic surgeons, and the enthusiasm for learning this technique has increased year by year. At present, the learning curve of foraminoscopic technology is steep, and the learning and mastering of this technology is divided into several stages: (1) treatment of lumbar 4-5 inclusive lumbar disc herniation; (2) treatment of lumbar 4-5 huge, prolapsed, free or combined calcified lumbar disc herniation; (3) treatment of lumbar 5-sacral 1 disc herniation in the lateral posterior approach; (4) lateral posterior foraminoscopic surgery for multi-segmental lumbar spinal stenosis; (5) completion of disc herniation in the middle and lower thoracic spine and spinal canal stenosis in one visit; (6) treatment of lumbar 5-sacral 1 disc herniation in the lateral posterior approach. (5) treatment of disc herniation and spinal stenosis in the middle and lower thoracic spine; (6) treatment of spinal tuberculosis or spinal infection, etc.