Gastrointestinal preparation before gastrointestinal endoscopy Gastroscopy is one of the most important methods for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. The cleanliness of the gastrointestinal tract is a key factor in the success or failure of microscopy. If there is still a lot of food and fecal residue in the stomach and intestinal tract at the time of examination, it will affect the access and observation, or even fail to complete the examination, or cause a missed diagnosis due to the masking of food and feces. Therefore, it is especially important to clean the gastrointestinal tract before the examination. The precautions for gastrointestinal preparation before examination are summarized as follows: gastroscopy requires patients to fast for at least 6h before gastroscopy, and patients are required not to eat or take medicine after 8:00 pm the night before. The morning of the examination day is prohibited to eat any food, drugs and drinks, so as not to affect the observation. If you have eaten and drank within 6h, you should come back for examination on another day. Gastroscopy is usually scheduled in the morning. For morning examination, fasting after dinner the day before without breakfast. For the afternoon examination, a light semi-liquid (e.g., rice soup, thin porridge, soft noodles, etc.) can be eaten in the early morning and fasted at noon. The most common and reliable method of colonoscopy is to take laxatives before the examination. If a cleansing enema is used without laxatives, even 3-4 enemas at a high level can usually cleanse only the left hemicolon. In addition, some dietary preparation before the examination is also beneficial to cleanse the intestines. General colonoscopy 1, morning examination: eat a semi-liquid diet with little residue and easy to digest at noon the day before the examination, and do not eat green vegetables, tomatoes, watermelon, dragon fruit and other food with residue and seeds and fruits. The night before the examination, do not eat dinner, in the fasting state directly take the intestinal cleansing drugs (see below), before and after taking the cleansing agent and during the drug can be added to drink water, or glucose water, or clear soup and other transparent liquid without dregs, forbidden to take dregs of liquid such as porridge, milk, soy milk, coconut milk, etc. Fasting and drinking are prohibited in the morning of the examination. Those who need to take hypertension and other drugs, after waking up with a small amount of water to take. 2, the afternoon examination: morning fasting, rectal take clean intestinal drugs (see below). Fasting at noon, such as those who are intolerant to hunger can drink glucose water or soup (anesthesia colonoscopy patients emphasize strict fasting and prohibition of drinking 6 hours before the examination, see painless colonoscopy items). For constipation, low-fat, semi-liquid or liquid diet for 1 to 2 days before the examination, with special emphasis on not eating vegetables and fruits for 2 days before the operation. Oral bowel cleansing medication should be taken on the day of the examination or the day before as required. If the bowel cleansing is unsatisfactory, drink another laxative or prepare again immediately. Some subjects with suboptimal bowel cleansing may opt for colon hydrotherapy or cleansing enemas to assist in cleansing the bowel. Oral medication to cleanse the intestines (list several commonly used drugs to explain the usage) 1, oral and cool method: (compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte dispersion) and cool is made of polyethylene glycol 4000 and sodium sulfate as the main ingredients, and with sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bicarbonate and other substances made of a bulk, intestinal cleansing effect and will not disrupt the body’s water, electrolyte balance, and will not make the intestinal flora imbalance. Dissolve one large packet of this product in 1500ml-2000ml of warm water and stir well. Take it orally in 3 to 4 times, the first time to feel 8 minutes full, and then at intervals of 15 to 20 minutes each time, as fast as possible, but not too full (so as not to cause vomiting), until finished. Observe the situation of defecation, if the drug has been taken, but there are still residues in the stool, you can take warm water or sugar water or sugar saline again, until the discharge of slag-free watery stool can stop drinking water. 2.Orally take Hengkang Zhengqing method: (polyethylene glycol electrolyte dispersion) Take a box of Hengkang Zhengqing, pour A, B, C three sachets of powder together into a container, add warm boiled water to 1000ml, stir to make it completely dissolved, you can take. Take the first dose to feel 8 minutes full, after each interval of 15~20 minutes, as fast as possible, but not too full (so as not to cause vomiting), until finished. Usually two boxes are needed, the second box is used as above. Pay attention to the cleanliness of the stool, in order to discharge the best clear stool (light yellow watery stool is also acceptable). If the drug has been taken, but there are still residues in the stool, you can take warm water or sugar water or sugar saline until the discharge of watery stools without residue. 3, oral Fai Ling method: morning check-ups: take one bottle of Fai Ling 45ml and add it to 1000ml of warm water, take it orally the night before the check-up and finish it within half an hour; take another bottle after 20 minutes, use the same as above. Afternoon examination: take one bottle of Pfizer 45ml and add it to 1000ml of warm water at 9:00 pm on the day of examination, drink it within half an hour; take another bottle after 20 minutes, and use the same as above. 4.Oral mannitol method: take 250ml of 20% mannitol solution orally at one time 2~3h before the examination, and at the same time take 1500~2000ml of cool boiled water or sugar saline, and wait for the patient to eliminate clear water before examination. The disadvantage is that mannitol can be decomposed by bacteria in the intestine, producing flammable gas, and when it reaches a flammable concentration, such as high-frequency electrocoagulation surgery, may cause an explosion, so it is not suitable for electrocautery electrolysis polyp treatment during colonoscopy. There are certain limitations to the requirements of treatment. In addition, it can cause dehydration and safety is not good. It is not recommended. 5, oral senna method: 10 grams of senna brewed with 500-1000 ml of boiling water as tea, counting 2 times, 12 hours before the examination, and then 2-3 hours before the examination. This method can cause intestinal colic and intestinal mucous membrane congestion, purging effect is poor, and produce more foam, can affect the observation. Therefore, not commonly used. 6, oral magnesium sulfate method: 5 ~ 20g per time, early in the morning on an empty stomach, while drinking 100 ~ 400m1, can also be dissolved in water after taking. This method is used to induce diarrhea when taking large doses can cause water-electrolyte balance disorders, is rarely used. Preparation of intestinal cleansing during painless colonoscopy The method of oral medication is the same as that of general colonoscopy, but it should be emphasized that eating and drinking are prohibited 6 hours before the examination to avoid accidents during anesthesia. A family member must accompany you on the examination day. It is forbidden to drive or climb high on the examination day. You should not drive, perform mechanical operations or make important decisions on the day after the examination, and you should not drink alcohol.