After surgery for malignant bladder cancer, the specific survival rate needs to be determined by the postoperative pathology results. Generally, the 5-year survival rate for bladder cancer that has not invaded the muscular layer is about 60%-80%, while the 3-year survival rate for bladder cancer that has invaded the muscular layer is about 40%, i.e., the more advanced the bladder cancer grade, the worse the prognosis, while the earlier the bladder cancer grade, the better the prognosis. Regardless of the grade of bladder cancer, there is no genetic cure for the cancer at the genetic level. Even after surgical treatment, lifelong observation and follow-up is required, and metastasis or recurrence may occur during the observation and follow-up period. For example, after superficial cystectomy, bladder perfusion chemotherapy is needed for at least 1 year, while after total cystectomy, intravenous chemotherapy should be considered if necessary to improve survival or prolong the patient’s survival.