Cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions are a group of cervical lesions closely related to cervical invasive carcinoma. It often occurs in women between the ages of 25-35 years old and is a continuous process in the development of cervical cancer. Screening to detect cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions is an effective measure to prevent cervical invasive cancer. Cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions are classified into low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The pathogenic factors are mostly related to HPV infection, sexual intercourse and number of deliveries, smoking, etc. Occasionally, there is vaginal discharge, contact bleeding after sex or gynecological examination, and gynecological examination suggests smooth cervical or erosion-like lesions. The examination is mostly done by HPV examination of cervical exfoliated cells, colposcopy is feasible for positive results, and the most definitive is cervical tissue biopsy. Treatment of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions is mostly by cautery and conization. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions can be followed up with observation only, and treatment is appropriate for lesions that develop or persist for 2 years during the follow-up process. For high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions colposcopy is adequate and cervical conization is recommended for those with inadequate colposcopy. Therefore, cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions need to be taken seriously and should be reviewed regularly for prevention because of the risk of carcinogenesis.