Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disease accompanied by intense itching that severely affects the physical and mental health and quality of life of patients. Treatment of atopic dermatitis is quite difficult and requires the joint efforts of patients and their families and physicians to find and remove triggering and/or provoking factors, reduce or alleviate symptoms as soon as possible, delay and reduce flare-ups, restore/strengthen skin barrier function, and improve and enhance the quality of life of patients and families as the main objectives. General prevention and control measures 1. Emollients/moisturizers: Use emollients/moisturizers containing an oily base or containing natural moisturizing factors (such as white petroleum jelly, glycerin, urea, lactic acid, ceramide, etc.), preferably applied all over the body, 1 to 2 times/day, especially immediately after bathing for better effect. Cotton gloves / socks can be worn at night. 2. Bathe with warm water and avoid using harsh soaps or detergents. 3.Keep the ambient temperature and humidity appropriate, clothes and blankets of appropriate thickness, wear loose cotton clothing to reduce sweat stimulation. 4.Avoid known environmental or dietary triggers, such as dust mites, pollen, animal fur, peanuts, etc. (according to allergen test results). 5.Avoid scratching or rubbing. 6.Keep a happy spirit, do not overwork, avoid tension, emotional excitement, etc. to aggravate the skin lesions. 7.When there are active skin lesions, it is not advisable to plant acne or injections, and avoid contact with acne planters or herpes simplex patients to avoid causing cowpox-like or herpetic eczema. 8, psychotherapy and health education is very necessary. Strengthen education and have a correct understanding of the disease, treatment methods and precautions. Eliminate unnecessary psychological burden and unrealistic requirements. Topical treatment 1, glucocorticoid topical preparations: the first line of basic drugs. Choose glucocorticoids of different strengths according to the patient’s age, skin lesion location and degree. Infants and children should choose medium and weak potency, while adults mostly use medium and strong potency. For eyelids, face and skin folds, weaker glucocorticoids are preferred to avoid causing skin atrophy, capillary dilation and cataracts. Usage: 1~2 times/day, and if necessary, encapsulation therapy is available. 2. Topical immunomodulators: currently used as second-line drugs for patients over 2 years of age with atopic dermatitis/eczema who do not respond well to glucocorticoids or other therapies or for whom glucocorticoids are inappropriate. 0,1% or 0,03% tacrolimus ointment (trade name: Putnam) is used for moderate and severe patients, and 1% pimecrolimus cream (trade name: Elidel) is used for mild and moderate patients. The use: 2 times/day for 3 to 4 weeks, or long-term intermittent application. The main side effect is the use of local transient burning, stinging and other irritation reactions. 3, antipruritic agents: 5% doxepin cream, capsaicin, butyl flufenamic acid ointment (trade name: Bute) and other topical use can reduce the itching effect. However, such drugs have certain local irritation side effects. 4, anti-infection topical preparations: as bacteria or fungi can be induced or aggravated dermatitis or eczema by producing the role of super-antigen, the addition of topical glucocorticoids at the same time can help accelerate the control of inflammation. For example, 2% mupirocin ointment (Bactrim), 2% fusidic acid cream, nitric acid/isoconazole, etc. Mostly used in combination with glucocorticoids or with glucocorticoid and anti-microbial combination preparations. Systemic treatment 1, antihistamines: such as ketotifen, cyproheptadine, chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine and other traditional sedative antihistamines are mainly used in the evening pruritus, second-generation antihistamines (cetirizine or levocetirizine, loratadine or desloratadine, imipramine, epalmatine, etc.) have anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects, and are now commonly used in clinical practice. 2, anti-microbial agents: antibiotic system application is mostly used in the acute inflammatory phase, with exudation and crusted lesions is the indication of its application. 3.Immunosuppressants: For those who have serious conditions and cannot be controlled by general treatment, glucocorticoids, rhodopsin preparations, azathioprine, cyclosporine A, motilmicronate (primaquine), etc. can be considered as appropriate, and adverse reactions need to be closely monitored. 4.Other: compound glycopyrrolate, leukotriene antagonists (such as montelukast, zallust), thalidomide and Chinese medicine can be applied. 5.Phototherapy: medium-wave ultraviolet (U VA B ), long-wave ultraviolet (UVA ), photochemotherapy (P U V A ), narrow-spectrum medium-wave ultraviolet (N B -UVB, wavelength 311 nm) and long-wave ultraviolet 1 (UVA1, wavelength 340-400 nm) are all effective for AD treatment. It is currently used as standard second-line treatment in Europe.