OVERVIEW
Overview of Protein Loss Gastrointestinal Syndrome
Protein-losing gastrointestinal syndrome is a group of syndromes characterized by generalized edema and hypoproteinemia due to loss of plasma proteins from the gastrointestinal tract from various causes.
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Department of Medicine
Gastroenterology, General Surgery
Synonyms
Protein-losing gastroenteropathy, Protein leakage gastroenteropathy, Exudative gastroenteropathy
Clinical Symptoms
Clinically, generalized edema and hypoproteinemia are the main manifestations.
Hazards
This disease can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal dysfunction.
Examination
Blood routine, urine routine, plasma protein, X-ray barium meal gastrointestinal examination, radionuclide examination and so on.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis can be made on the basis of symptoms such as generalized edema and hypoproteinemia, combined with radionuclide examination.
Treatment principle
Treatment is based on dealing with the primary disease and symptomatic treatment.
Curability
After treatment, edema and hypoproteinemia are relieved or completely corrected.
Dietary advice
Diet should be light, easy to digest, avoid smoking and alcohol.
Etiology
Epidemiology
The disease is most common in males.
Etiology
The cause of this disease is unknown and is often caused by other diseases.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Typical Symptoms
Protein-losing gastrointestinal syndrome is mainly characterized by hypoproteinemia, generalized edema, and/or ascites. Most patients may be combined with gastrointestinal symptoms related to the original disease, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and even steatorrhea.
Other symptoms
In pediatric patients, there may be growth disorders and hypocalcemic tetany.
Diagnostic basis
1. Generalized edema and hypoproteinemia are the main clinical manifestations. 2. Combined with radionuclide examination and other auxiliary examinations, the diagnosis can be confirmed.
Treatment
Treatment guideline
1. Treat the primary disease. 2. Treat the symptoms according to the clinical symptoms.
Drug treatment
1. hypertrophic gastritis can be treated with atropine. 2. intestinal parasitic diseases can be treated with anthelmintics. 3. inflammatory bowel diseases such as acute bacterial enteritis can be treated with antibiotics, and intestinal tuberculosis can be treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs. 4. allergic gastrointestinal diseases, granulomatous enteritis and other diseases can be treated with glucocorticosteroids. 5. diuretics can be used to treat oedema.
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy may be used to treat protein-losing gastrointestinal syndrome caused by intestinal lymphoma and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, among others.
Surgery
Gastric mucosal hyper hypertrophy, gastric ulcer, gastric cancer, etc. can be treated with surgery.
Prognosis
After treatment, if edema and hypoproteinemia are relieved or completely corrected, the prognosis is good.
Nursing care
Daily care
1. Pay attention to rest and avoid exertion. 2. Keep happy mood and actively cooperate with treatment. 3. Reasonably carry out sports and exercise to enhance physical fitness. 4.
Diet
Diet should be rich in nutrition, low salt and low fat.