Dysmenorrhea is a common symptom among gynecological women, and the causes of dysmenorrhea include physiological dysmenorrhea and pathological dysmenorrhea. For physiological dysmenorrhea, there are relatively more medications to choose from, and the most commonly used medications are pain medications, such as ibuprofen, diclofenac, or indomethacin suppositories, all of which can effectively alleviate dysmenorrhea. The current view is that the main cause of dysmenorrhea is the increased prostaglandin content in the body after ovulation, which triggers menstrual pain, and the application of short-acting contraceptives can also be considered to inhibit ovulation, which can effectively alleviate the patient’s dysmenorrhea. In addition to physiological dysmenorrhea, pathological dysmenorrhea can be considered. If adenomyosis or endometriosis is present, pathologic causes of dysmenorrhea need to be treated. If adenomyosis or endometriosis is identified, surgical treatment or intrauterine insertion of the Mannix ring may be considered, both of which are effective in relieving dysmenorrhea.