With the aging of the population and the extension of life expectancy, the incidence of hypertension is increasing year by year, according to statistics, the incidence of hypertension in China has reached 18.8%, so what are the commonly used antihypertensive drugs? Today we have a detailed analysis of the characteristics of the five major types of antihypertensive drugs commonly used for you. 1, diuretics commonly used are hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide, spironolactone, indapamide, of which hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide use the most. Diuretics are suitable for mild and moderate hypertension, and can enhance the efficacy when used in combination with other antihypertensive drugs. Diuretics can affect the metabolism of blood lipids, blood sugar and blood uric acid, which often occurs when used in large doses, so they are recommended in small doses, but for patients with recurrent gouty arthritis, diuretics should not be used. In the case of potassium-conserving diuretics can also cause hyperkalemia, such as spironolactone; while potassium-removing diuretics are prone to hypokalemia, such as hydrochlorothiazide and indapamide, so when used, blood potassium concentration should be checked regularly. In addition, potassium-preserving diuretics are contraindicated in patients with renal insufficiency. Diuretics are inexpensive and effective antihypertensive drugs. 2, beta-blockers Commonly used are metoprolol, bisoprolol, suitable for all kinds of hypertension. beta-blockers are more effective for middle-aged and young patients with fast heart rate or patients with angina pectoris, but relatively less effective for hypertension in the elderly. Caution should be exercised with beta-blockers in diabetic patients because beta-blockers increase insulin resistance and may also mask hypoglycemia. They should be contraindicated in patients with acute heart failure, bronchial asthma, sick sinus node syndrome, AV block, and peripheral vascular disease. The use of beta-blockers should also be careful not to stop the drug suddenly. 3, calcium channel blockers (CCB), also known as calcium antagonists According to the different molecular structures are divided into two categories: dihydropyridines and non-dihydropyridines. The former is represented by nifedipine and amlodipine, while the latter has verapamil and diltiazem. Calcium channel blockers have fewer contraindications except for heart failure, no significant effect on blood lipids and blood sugar, and have better antihypertensive efficacy in elderly patients, but some patients can have some adverse reactions such as increased heart rate, facial flushing, headache and lower limb edema, which are obvious when using short-acting preparations. Non-dihydropyridines inhibit myocardial contraction and autoregulation and conduction, therefore, they should not be used in patients with heart failure, sinus node hypofunction or heart block. 4.Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) Commonly used are captopril, benazepril, perindopril, ramipril, etc. ACEI can reduce urinary protein and improve insulin resistance, so it is effective for hypertensive patients with diabetes and renal impairment; ACEI has the effect of delaying ventricular remodeling, preventing ventricular enlargement, reducing neurohumoral and cytokine levels, and is an important drug for the treatment of heart failure. Adverse effects of ACEI are mainly irritating dry cough, and are contraindicated in patients with hyperkalemia, pregnant women and patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis. It should be used with caution in patients with renal insufficiency, especially when the blood creatinine is >265 μmol/L. 5, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) commonly used are valsartan, candesartan, irbesartan, etc. ARB adverse reactions are rare, does not cause irritating dry cough, for patients with ACEI dry cough can be replaced with ARB. contraindications and ACEI the same.