About 70% of diabetic patients develop systemic small vessel and microangiopathy. Among them, diabetic retinopathy is one of the most serious complications of diabetic microangiopathy and is also an ocular lesion with specific changes, which is gradually becoming the main cause of blindness in adults. Other eye complications associated with diabetes include cataracts, glaucoma, uveitis, optic neuropathy, and ocular muscle paralysis. The onset of diabetic retinopathy is closely related to the control of the patient’s diabetic condition. The common complaints are flashing sensation and loss of vision. There are also many patients who do not have subjective symptoms, but whose eye lesions are detected through annual physical examinations or eye examinations. Although diabetic retinopathy is a serious ocular complication, it can be prevented, detected and treated early, and the diabetic condition can be controlled at an early stage to achieve decades of freedom from diabetic retinopathy. Patients with diabetes should undergo regular comprehensive eye examinations regardless of whether they have eye symptoms or not, and once diabetic retinopathy is detected, it should be treated promptly, including medication, laser, and surgery.