According to statistics, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer and colon cancer account for about 1/3 of all malignant tumors in China, and Associate Professor Rong Long of Peking University First Hospital suggests that timely gastroscopy can reduce the risk of death from these malignant tumors by about 1/3. The increased pressure of people’s life, employment and work in modern society has brought many adverse effects to the gastrointestinal tract, and many people have symptoms such as stomach pain, bloating, acid reflux, heartburn, abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea and even constipation and blood in stool. The most common causes of these symptoms are gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer as well as colitis, colon polyps and colon cancer, among which inflammation or polyps are benign lesions and can be treated very well, while gastric cancer, esophageal cancer and colon cancer are malignant tumors, which can only be effectively diagnosed and treated at an early stage. The most accurate and intuitive method for early detection of these diseases is gastroscopy and colonoscopy. However, many people are reluctant to take the initiative to do gastroscopy or colonoscopy for one reason: they are too troublesome, and the other reason is that they feel very uncomfortable during the examination. We found that many patients with gastrointestinal discomfort delayed to come for examination until very late because they were afraid of having gastroscopy, which led to the development of middle and late stage of cancer and missed the best time for treatment. Who should have gastroscopy The incidence rate of gastric cancer in China ranks first in gastrointestinal malignant tumors and the mortality rate ranks third in systemic malignant tumors. “Bad habits + work pressure + genetic factors” have been clearly listed as high risk triggers of gastric cancer, including having been infected with Helicobacter pylori, smoking and drinking, preferring salt and smoked food, having family history of gastric cancer, pernicious anemia, etc. Some chronic benign gastric diseases, such as gastric polyps, gastric ulcer, chronic atrophic gastritis, etc., may also evolve into gastric cancer. Studies have found that mental tension, high work pressure and irregular diet have increased the number of young gastric cancer patients. Under what circumstances should gastroscopy be performed? Those who have upper gastrointestinal symptoms, suspected esophageal, gastric and duodenal lesions and need to be clinically diagnosed; those who have unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding; those whose nature of lesions cannot be determined by barium X-ray examination; those who have diagnosed upper gastrointestinal lesions such as ulcers, chronic gastritis, gastric precancerous lesions, etc. and need gastroscopy follow-up review; those who suspect foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract; those who have family history of gastric cancer and need gastroscopy; those who have H. pylori infection Those who need to clarify the gastric mucosal lesions or those who need H. pylori culture to guide the treatment. Since there is no obvious symptom in the early stage of gastric cancer, for people over 40~50 years old with risk factors of gastric cancer, such as family history, positive H. pylori, previous gastric ulcer and atrophic gastritis, it is recommended to have gastroscopy every 1~3 years. Gastroscopy is the best screening method for early gastric cancer, and with the advancement of endoscopic technology, ultrasonic gastroscopy can be applied to determine the depth of lesions, and for early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions confined to the mucosal layer, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) can be performed simultaneously under gastroscopy for minimally invasive treatment, which can help patients preserve their stomach and ensure the quality of life, with the same treatment effect as traditional surgery. Colonoscopy at least once over the age of 50 For colon cancer, it is now believed that many are caused by malignant transformation of colon polyps. Therefore, as long as colon polyps are detected early through colonoscopy, the nature of colon polyps, the presence of early cancer, and timely colonoscopic resection, early treatment can be achieved without open surgery. In the United States, it is currently recommended that people over 50 years old should undergo colonoscopy during routine physical examinations to detect early cancer and precancerous lesions, such as colon polyps, which can be treated minimally invasively by colonoscopy, which can greatly reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer and improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients. It is important to note that patients over 30 years old, those with lower gastrointestinal symptoms such as blood in stool and irregular stools, those with family history of colorectal cancer, those who have suffered from colon cancer, polyps or schistosomiasis, ulcerative colitis, etc. should undergo regular colonoscopy, and those over 40 years old, regardless of gender, should undergo regular annual physical examination and stool occult blood test regardless of whether they have symptoms or diseases. Those who have not had a colonoscopy over the age of 50 or have a family history of colon tumors over the age of 40 are recommended to have a colonoscopy. Some people have concerns about having a colonoscopy and feel that it is not necessary to review it every year, which is bothersome and uncomfortable. In fact, gastroscopy and colonoscopy do not need to be done every year. Those who have no obvious abnormality after gastroscopy can be reviewed after 3 years; those who have no obvious abnormality after colonoscopy can be reviewed after 5 years.